摘要
目的了解氨作业对工人身体健康的影响。方法对某石油炼制企业氨作业工人218人,非氨作业工人1741人的血常规、血压、心电图和血清ALT活性等职业健康检查结果进行统计学分析。结果男性工人中,氨作业工人的红细胞（RBC）及血小板（PLT）计数减少的检出率与非氨作业工人相比,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=17.46,P〈0.01;χ^2=6.56,P〈0.05）,男性氨作业工人的血红蛋白（Hb）含量及RBC计数均值均低于非氨作业工人,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.46,P〈0.05;t=-5.08,P〈0.01）。男性和女性氨作业工人的PLT计数均值均低于非氨作业工人（t=-5.45、-6.12,P〈0.01）。女性氨接触工人血清ALT活性均值高于非氨作业组工人（t=2.42,P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,氨接触是男性工人RBC计数和Hb含量降低的危险因素（OR=2.36,95%CI：1.56～3.56;OR=2.37,95%CI：1.07～5.23）,是男女工人PLT降低的危险因素（OR=8.12,95%CI：2.02～32.69）。在女性工人中,氨接触是血清ALT升高的危险因素（OR=3.25,95%CI：1.04～10.21）。结论提示该企业在目前的生产条件下,部分氨作业工人的健康受到损害,故应重视低浓度氨接触对职业人群健康的危害。
Objective To understand the adverse effect of occupational exposure to ammonia on workers＇ health condition.Methods The health status of 218 workers occupationally exposed to ammonia were compared with that of 1 741 workers without exposure to ammonia in a petroleum refining plant. Results The abnormality of both RBC counts and PLT counts were higher in the male ammonia-exposed workers compared with non-exposed workers（χ^2 = 17.46,P〈0.01;χ^2 = 6.56,P〈0.05,respectively）. The Hb and RBC counts among male exposed workers were lower compared with non-exposed workers（t =- 2.46,P〈0.05;t =- 5.08,P〈0.01,respectively）,while PLT counts were lower among male and female exposed workers compared with non-exposed workers（t =- 2.46,P〈0.05;t =- 5.08,P〈0.01,respectively）. The female exposed workers had a higher level of ALT activity compared with non-exposed workers（t = 2.42,P〈0.05）. The Logistic regression showed that ammonia exposure was a risk factor for decreased RBC and Hb counts of male exposed workers（OR = 2.36,95% CI：1.56- 3.56;OR =2.37,95% CI：1.07- 5.23, respectively）,a risk for decrease PLT level of both male and female exposed workers（OR =8.12,95% CI：2.02- 32.69） and a risk for increased ALT activity of female workers（OR = 3.25,95% CI：1.04- 10.21）.Conclusion This result indicated that ammonia exposure at current level in this petroleum refining plant caused adverse health effects and the further control measures should be taken to protect workers＇ health.
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2014年第5期278-281,共4页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
关键词
炼油企业
氨接触
职业健康
红细胞
血小板
Petroleum refining business
Ammonia exposure
Occupational health
RBC
PLT
