摘要
[目的]研究滴灌春玉米养分吸收规律,为科学制定施肥制度提供理论依据.[方法]通过田间试验,研究膜下滴灌条件下氮肥（0、210、300、390 kg/hm2,记为N0、N210、N300、N390）对春玉米地上部和根系干物质及氮磷钾累积的影响.[结果]在成熟期N210、N300、N390处理较N0地上部干物质累积量分别提高了22.70％、41.08％、32.08％.地上部氮磷钾吸收高峰期分别出现在出苗后28 ～ 85、85 ～ 108、28～43 d.随着施氮量增加,产量和地上部、根系干物质及氮素累积增加,但过高施氮量（390 kg/hm2）导致干物质和产量降低,而地上部磷钾积累量一直呈现增加趋势.根系氮磷钾累积随着施氮量增加呈先增加后降低趋势.在吐丝期,N210、N300根系氮素累积量较大喇叭口期分别增加了145.1％和217.4％,而N390处理氮素积累量与N210接近,磷素累积与N0接近,钾素累积量小于大喇叭口期.[结论]膜下滴灌条件下,施用氮肥春玉米地上部和根系干物质积累量和养分累积量均增加,但过量施氮抑制地上部、地下部生长及氮素积累,且不利于对磷钾养分吸收,尤其在吐丝期,过量施氮对根系磷钾的累积表现出明显的抑制作用.
[Objective] The paper aims to study nutrient absorption dynamics in spring maize （Zea mays L.） under film mulch with drip irrigation in order to provide necessary theoretical evidence for rational fertilization in irrigation corn cultivation system in arid area.[Method] A field experiment was carried out at four nitrogen fertilization levels including 0,210,300 and 390 kg/hm2 （short for N0,N210,N300,N390,respectively） in 2013 to investigate effects of different N rates dry matter and nutrients accumulation of the shoot and root under drip irrigation and film mulch.[Result] The results showed that the dry matter of N210,N300,N390 treatment at maturity stage were increased by 22.70%,41.08%,and 32.08% compared with the N0 treatment,respectively.The majority of N,P,K accumulation appeared after the emergence in 28-85,85-108,28-43 d respectively.The tendency of the yield,dry matter of the shoot and root N accumulation at different growth stages were increased with increase of N dosage,and decreased with excess nitrogen rates at N390,but the P,K had been increased in the whole N application range.The peak N accumulation period of root was observed at silking stage,at which N210 and N300 showed 145.1%-217.4% increase compared with trumpeting stage,while P accumulation of the N390 treatment was only close to N0 and the K accumulation of the N390 treatment was less than at trumpeting stage.[Conclusion] The dry matter and nutrients accumulation of the shoot and root were increased under the nitrogen fertilizer application in drip irrigation based on cultivation system,but excessive nitrogen application would lead to inhibition of the growth of the shoot and root,and inhibitory effect showed most significantly at trumpeting stage.
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第9期1569-1576,共8页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家“863”计划项目(2011AA100508)
关键词
膜下滴灌
产量
干物质累积
根系
养分累积
drip irrigation and film mulch
yield
dry matter accumulation
root
nutrients accumulation
