摘要
当前新材料的开发主要依靠传统经验式的试错法,致使材料开发无法跟上工业产品的设计和制造步伐。材料基因工程技术是材料科学与工程研究方法的革命。为加速材料研发和应用的速度,材料科学家近年来将芯片制造、高性能计算、同步辐射等多学科尖端科学技术引入到材料研究,使得采用传统方法需要花费数年时间的工作在极短的时间(如一星期)内即可完成。在此背景下,2011年,美国政府率先启动了加速新材料开发应用、保持全球竞争力的"材料基因组计划";与此同时,欧洲也启动了旨在加速高性能合金研发的"加速冶金"计划。文章对比这两项计划以及我国相关工作的实施情况,提出对我国的借鉴意义。
Trying to find new materials and improve the performance of anything from microchips to car bodies has always been a process of trial and error. Materials genetic engineering technology is revolutionary innovation for materials science and engineering research methods. To accelerate the pace of materials development and application,chip manufacturing, high-performance computing,synchrotron radiation and other multi-disciplinary cutting-edge technologies were intro-duced into materials research. So that,the processes could be completed in a very short time,instead of several years through traditional methods. In this context,the U.S. government first launched “Materials Genome Initiative”to acceler-ate the development and application of new materials,and maintain global competitiveness in 201 1. Almost at the same time,EU started “Accelerated Metallurgy”project with the aim to faster discover alloy formulations using combinatorial principles. In this paper,the two national policies were compared,and implications to China’ s related work were put for-ward.
出处
《科技管理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第23期69-72,共4页
Science and Technology Management Research
关键词
材料基因工程
政策
对比
materials genetic engineering
policy
comparison
