摘要
为了解生活用煤汞含量水平,分析生活燃煤给当地环境空气中ρ（Hg）带来的影响,使用Lumex RA915＋/M测汞仪,现场在线监测了北京市大兴区46户居民家庭燃煤炉口上方空气和村庄环境空气中的ρ（Hg）,并对民用蜂窝煤及煤渣样品中的w（Hg）进行了实验室分析.结果表明：燃煤炉口上方25 cm处空气中ρ（Hg）为20.4~4 583.5 ng/m^3,平均值为823.9 ng/m^3（n=46）;村庄环境空气中ρ（Hg）为5~13 ng/m^3,高于当地背景值（1~3 ng/m^3）;民用蜂窝煤样品中w（Hg）的平均值为326.6 ng/g（n=46）,显著高于我国工业原煤中w（Hg）平均值（约150 ng/g）;生活燃煤汞排放率达到99.76%,高于电厂等工业燃煤汞排放率.鉴于生活用煤多为富汞的劣质煤,其w（Hg）及汞排放率远高于工业用煤,并且室内空气污染对人体健康的危害更为直接,因此,生活燃煤造成的汞污染问题应得到更大的重视.
To investigate the mercury content in domestic coal and its potential environmental impacts, the mercury content of the air above the briquette stoves of 46 households and in the outdoor ambient air of a village in Daxing District, Beijing, were measured using a Lumex RA 915 ＋/M mercury analyzer. Mercury concentrations were also measured for honeycomb briquettes and cinder samples retrieved from the village. The results showed that the mercury concentration in the air 25 cm above the stove was from 20.4-4583.5 ng/m^3 , with an average of 823.9 ng/m^3 （ n =46） , while that in the outdoor ambient air ranged from 5-15 ng/m^3 , higher than the regional background level （1-3 ng/m^3）. The average mercury concentration in honeycomb briquette samples was 326. 6 ng/g （n = 46） , which was significantly higher than that in industrial coal in China （about 150 ng/g）. In addition, the mercury emission rate of domestic honeycomb briquette reached 99.76% , higher than that of industrial coal. The domestic coal found in our study was mostly inferior and hazardous ; its mercury content and release rate were higher than industrial coal, and the indoor pollution is more directly harmful to health. Therefore, mercury pollution caused by domestic coal should be given more attention.
出处
《环境科学研究》
EI
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第12期1420-1425,共6页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41371449)
关键词
汞排放
蜂窝煤
农村
空气污染
北京
mercury emission
coal briquette
village
air pollution
Beijing
