摘要
采用化学敏化和物理敏化方式制备了乳化炸药,通过电测法测量了两种乳化炸药在常温和-30℃冷冻后的爆速,用显微镜对两种乳化炸药的微观结构进行观察,采用水溶法测定了其析晶率,分析了低温引起两种乳化炸药爆速下降及拒爆的原因。结果表明,低温下,化学敏化气泡因表面自由能减小而自发聚集,使气泡尺寸太大而失效,且气泡内外压力差增大,大量有效气泡破碎、逃逸,使炸药最终拒爆;物理敏化克服了敏化气泡低温下不稳定的缺点,但其碎屑为析晶提供了晶核,与化学敏化方式相比,使用物理敏化方式制备的乳化炸药析晶率高7%,冷冻30d爆速虽下降但未拒爆。
The emulsion explosives sensitized by chemical and physical sensitization were prepared.Based on the electrical measuring method,the detonation velocities of the two kinds of emulsion explosives were tested at room temperature and-30℃.Their micro-structures were observed by microscope and the crystallization rates were detected by solution method.The cause of detonation velocity falling and misfiring was analyzed.The results show that at low temperatures,chemical bubbles gathered easily because of the surface free energy decreasing,and its size increases too large to lose efficacy.Moreover,the pressure difference outside and inside bubbles increases,which lead to most bubbles breaking and escaping.As a result,emulsion explosive misfire finally.Physical sensitization overcomes the disadvantages of instability of the bubbles,but its debris provide crystal nucleus for crystallization,which makes the crystallization rate 7% higher than that of emulsion explosive sensitized by chemical sensitization and its detonation velocity decreases and doesn′t misfire after cooling for 30 days.
出处
《火炸药学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期58-61,共4页
Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants
基金
安徽理工大学博士基金项目资助
关键词
物理化学
乳化炸药
敏化方式
耐低温性能
爆炸性能
电测法
physical chemistry
emulsion explosive
sensitizing methods
low temperature resistance
explosion performance
electrical measuring method
