摘要
长期以来对工程的评价侧重于绩效评价,而伦理考量则多是工程遭到指责后的事后反思,这使得工程师致力于人类健康、安全和福祉的努力时常被公众质疑。借鉴艾布拉姆斯的艺术四要素理论,完整的工程系统可视为由人工物、工程师、用户和境域四个要素构成的"技术王国"。人工物有好坏之分,工程师有"善""恶"之辨,境域有"优""劣"之差,用户有"良""莠"之别。本文从工程伦理层面构建分析框架,以互促、互适、互溶、互利、互导、互尊六对相关关系作为核心价值,将工程评价分层次展开,从单一考量人工物演变为多元评价与工程关涉的四要素是否共生共存。这种从系统思维出发展开的探索,将有利于真正贯彻"为最大多数人设计与建造"的人本理念。
For a long time engineering evaluation focuses mainly on performance rather than ethic evaluation. Attention would be attached to ethical issues of engineering only when the project is fulfilled and blamed for its unfavorable consequences. This makes engineers ’ pursuit of human health, safety and well-being an empty talk. Adapted from M. H. Abrams’ theory, a comprehensive engineering system is established which is composed of four major elements of“technology kingdom”：artifact, engineer, user and environment. Artifact can be good or bad. Environment can be favorable or unfavorable. Engineer and user can be good and evil. The core value of this ethical based system consists of six pairs of mutual relationship, i. e. , mutual promotion, mutual adaptation, mutual fusion, mutual benefit, mutual solubility and mutual respect. This system avoids simple de-instrumentalization of ethical evaluation and leads to coexistence of plural evaluation standards and four factors relevant to engineering. The comprehensive system will be beneficial to the implement of idea of “to design and construct for the majority of people”.
出处
《土木工程与管理学报》
2014年第4期72-75,97,共5页
Journal of Civil Engineering and Management
基金
中国工程院咨询研究项目(2013-XZ-1)
关键词
伦理评价
四要素
分析框架
工程伦理
ethical evaluation
four elements
analysis frame
engineering ethics
