摘要
改革开放以来,我国城镇化呈现快速发展趋势。2013年城镇化率达到53.7%,年均增长3.10%,是建国至改革开放之前城镇化年均增长率(1.75%)的近2倍。与此同时,碳排放总量增长至35年前的6.2倍,人均碳排放增长至35年前的4.4倍。城镇化过程伴随着高碳排放,增长速率高于城镇化发展速度。这预示着我国未来城镇化发展将面临巨大的高碳排放压力。如何降低城镇化过程中的碳排放成为亟待解决的问题。本文将城镇化过程中导致高碳排放的各因素归纳为经济、政治两项因素,对我国城镇化过程中工业、建筑、交通、地方政府等导致高碳排放结果的行为加以区分。研究发现,城镇化过程中的工业高碳排放、建筑面积扩张与其使用效率的背离、交通出行需求量的持续上升、居民生活水平提高带来的消费力增加,城市低密度扩张以及其背后地方政府官员考核机制与地方财税制度的弊端,是我国目前城镇化呈现高碳发展状态的主要原因。由此可见,过去的城镇化发展模式非低碳、非持续是有其深刻的经济与政治原因的。中长期的低碳转型只有把经济手段和制度调整结合,低碳发展理念才有可能实现。
China＇ s urbanization presents a fast developing trend. The urbanization ratio hits 53.7% with 3.1% annual growth rate, which doubles the urbanization ration growth rate before the ＇ opening-up＇ policy （ 1. 75% ）. At the same time, the total amount of carbon emission had reached to the amount six times of that 35 years ago, and the amount of carbon emission per capita quadrupled. The process of urbanization always accompanied with high carbon emission. However, when the growth rate of carbon emission is higher than urbanization, it indicates a future that China＇ s urbanization will face a heavier carbon emission situation. Thus, how to temper the intensity of carbon emission through urbanization needs to be solved immediately. In this article, we separate the factors that lead to high carbon emission through the process of urbanization into two categories, as economic factors and political factors. Also, we differentiate behaviors that result in high carbon emission from different sectors, as in industry, construction, transportation and local govermnent etc.. We concluded that high industrial carbon emissions during urbanization, expanding building area with lower utilization efficiency, constantly growing transportation demands, more consumption demands with fast improving living quality, expanding cities with lower density, and local government officers＇ assessment mechanism, the disadvantages of local fiscal institutional, are the reasons for nowadays high carbon emission through the process of urbanization. Therefore the past development mode of urbanization with un-low carbon, unsustainable characteristics has its economic and political roots. A mid-long term low-carbon transformation needs more combination of economic method and institutional reform. Also, only a thoroughly implementation of ＇ Low- carbon Development＇ both in notion and in measurement, could guarantee the possibility of low-carbon transformation.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期61-66,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家发展和改革委员会"中国低碳发展宏观战略研究项目"(编号:20135660439)
关键词
城镇化
碳排放来源
政治经济分析
低碳城镇化
urbanization
carbon emissions source
political economy approach
low-carbon urbanization
