摘要
目的了解2011—2012年广东省深圳市宝安区水痘的流行病学特征及疫苗的接种情况,为开展水痘的预防控制工作提供参考依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法分析2011—2012年宝安区的水痘疫情资料。结果 2011—2012年深圳市宝安区共报告水痘4 165例,无水痘死亡病例报告,年均发病率29.92/10万;疫情主要集中在4—6月和12月至次年2月,分别占总发病数的31.30%和35.33%;发病例数和年发病率均居首位的是沙井街道;水痘的高发年龄在0~14岁、20~25岁组呈现出一小高峰;男性年均发病率为36.56/10万,女性年均发病率为21.53/10万,男女发病比例为1.59∶1;报告病例数居前四位的分别是学生、工人、散居儿童、幼托儿童,分别占总报告病例数的34.32%、21.22%、14.01%、10.59%;5—9月水痘疫苗接种较多,宝安区下辖的10个街道中,西乡接种的疫苗数最多,占总疫苗数的18.73%。结论深圳市宝安区水痘发病季节高峰和职业高峰明显,应根据水痘流行特征,采取有针对性的措施,加强疫情动态监测,做好水痘流行趋势预警,及时采取易感人群应急接种,有效控制疫情蔓延。
Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of varicella and the efficacy situation of varicella vaccine in Bao＇an District of Shenzhen,2011—2012,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of varicella.Methods The epidemic data of varicella reported in Bao＇an District during 2011—2012 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results During 2011 and 2012,there were 4 165 cases with varicella reported in Bao＇an District,without a dead case,with annual incident rate of 29.92/100 000.The epidemic occurred mainly in April to June and December to February in the next year,in the ratio of 31.30% and 35.33% of the total incidence rate,respectively.Shajing Street topped the list of the number of cases and the annual average incidence rate.The paroxysmal age for varicella was at the age of 0-14 year-old,and then there was a small peak at the age of 20-25 year-old.The annual average incidence rate of the male was 36.56/100 000,while 21.53/100 000 of the female,with the incidence ratio of male and female of 1.59∶1.The top four groups of people were students,workers,scattered children,kindergarten children,with the proportion of 34.32%,21.22%,20.86%,and10.59% respectively.The number of vaccination for varicellsa was much more during May and September.Among the 10 streets of Bao＇an District,Xixiang topped the number of vaccination for varicella at a ratio of 18.73%.Conclusions Varicella epidemic is of an obvious peak of season and profession in Bao＇an District of Shenzhen.Specific steps should be taken according to the epidemic characteristics of varicella such as reinforcing surveillance of the epidemic,improving warning system of varicella epidemic trend,taking emergency vaccination for those vulnerable groups of people and controlling the spread of the epidemic effectively.
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2014年第6期6-9,共4页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
关键词
水痘
疫苗
流行病学特征
Varicella
Vaccine
Epidemiological features
