摘要
抗生素类兽药在预防和治疗生猪感染性疾病,控制寄生虫和非感染性疾病,提高饲料转化率和促进生猪生长等方面发挥了重要作用。然而,已有的研究已证实,我国养殖户在生猪养殖中滥用、超量使用抗生素类兽药等负面行为,已形成严重的兽药残留、抗生素耐药性等问题,可能危及消费者的健康。本研究在分析江苏省阜宁县654户生猪养殖户案例的基础上,归纳影响养殖户兽药使用行为的认知特征,综合考量其期望收益,构建行为概率模型,并运用Matlab软件进行仿真实验,模拟养殖户间的交互作用,同时在政府政策不断变化的情形下,观测养殖户兽药使用的行为选择在系统中的动态变化过程。研究发现,随着养殖户对兽药使用规范认知的提高,兽药使用规范性程度不断提升,滥用或超量使用抗生素类兽药等负面行为发生的可能性逐渐变小,且当认知度足够高时,养殖户更倾向于规范用药;相对于兽药使用规范的认知,养殖户对兽药安全风险的认知对其滥用、超量使用抗生素等负面行为影响较小,且影响幅度呈递减趋势,总体而言,兽药安全风险的认知与养殖户兽药使用行为有一定相关性;养殖户对政府相关法律法规、违规处罚的认知的变化对其兽药使用行为选择的变化并不明显。与此同时,政府监管对遏制养殖户兽药使用的负面行为具有重要作用,提高抽查比例、增大违规处罚额度能有效控制并减少生猪养殖户抗生素类兽药使用的负面行为。针对我国生猪养殖户滥用、超量使用抗生素类兽药等负面行为相对普遍的现实情景,应加强兽药使用终端养殖户对兽药使用规范的认知,引导其建立用药档案;同时,加强养殖户对抗生素耐药性等兽药安全风险的了解,促使其自觉科学规范用药;作为食品安全监管的主体,政府应完善并宣传相关法律法规,增强养殖户法律意识,并加强监督管理执法力度,提高抽查比例,加大处罚力度,对兽药使用的负面行为的经济处罚落到实处。
Antibiotic veterinary drugs play an important role in prevention and treatment of pig infectious disease, control of parasite and non-infectious diseases, improvement of feed conversion ratio and promoting the growth of pigs. However, previous studies have confirmed that abuse, excessive use of antibiotics veterinary drugs and other negative behaviors have caused serious problems, such as veterinary drug residues and antibiotic resistance, which may endanger the health of consumers. In this study, pig farmers＇ cognitive characteristics which may influence their usage of veterinary drugs is analyzed, based on the case of 654 pig farmers in Funing County, Jiangsu Province, by considering the expected revenue, using behavior probability model. Simulating the interaction between farmers, observing the dynamic change of farmers＇ choice of using veterinary in the system under changing government policy, by using Matlab software. The result shows that with the improvement of farmers＇ perception of veterinary use specification, the normalization of veterinary use is improved and the occurrences of abuse or excessive use of antibiotics veterinary drugs and other negative behavior reduce gradually . The pig farmers become more inclined to standard medication when their perception is high enough. In contrast to the perception of veterinary use specification, farmers＇ perception of veterinary safety risk has less impacts on abuse, overuse of antibiotics and other negative behaviors, and the impact of the magnitude shows a decreasing trend. In general, there is a certain correlation between farmers＇ perception of veterinary safety risk and their veterinary drug usage. Changes of farmers＇ perception of veterinary medicine related government laws and regulations, penalties have no significant influence on their choices of using veterinary medicine. At the same time, government regulators play an important role in curbing farmers＇ negative behavior on using veterinary drugs. Higher proportion of checks and amount of non-compliance punishment can effectively control and reduce pig farmers＇ negative behavior of veterinary antibiotic use. Farmers＇ perception of veterinary use specification should be improved and medication profile should be established, based on the objective reality that pig farmers abuse or excessive use of antibiotics veterinary drugs and other negative behaviors. What＇ s more, it is necessary to strengthen farmers＇ awareness of antibiotic resistance and other veterinary safety risks and encourage farmers to standardize the use of veterinary drugs consciously and scientifically. As the main body of food safety regulation, the government should improve and publicize relevant laws and regulations, enhance the legal awareness of pig farmers, strengthen supervision, raise the proportion of checks, and increase the penalty amount. The economic punishment for illegal usage of veterinary drugs should be strictly observed.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期160-169,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金重大招标课题"食品安全风险共治研究"(编号:14ZDA069)
国家自然科学基金项目"基于消费者偏好的可追溯食品消费政策的多重模拟实验研究:猪肉的案例"(编号:71273117)
国家软科学项目"中国食品安全消费政策研究"(编号:2013GXQ4B158)
江苏省六大人才高峰资助项目"食品安全消费政策研究:可追溯猪肉的案例(编号:2012-JY-002)
江苏省高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队建设项目"中国食品安全风险防控研究"(编号:2013-011)
关键词
生猪养殖户
认知特征
兽药使用行为
行为概率模型
仿真实验
pig farmer
cognitive characteristics
veterinary drug use
behavior probability model
simulation experiment
