摘要
利用山东省90个气象站1961—2010年逐日气象观测数据,比较分析了该区域冬小麦和夏玉米生长季光、热、水等农业气候资源的时空变化特征.结果表明:研究期间,山东省冬小麦和夏玉米生长季各项气温指标均呈显著升高趋势,冬小麦生长季升高趋势更明显;日照时数显著减少;降水量和干燥度无显著变化;夏玉米生长季蒸散量显著减少.冬小麦和夏玉米生长季各农业气候资源呈大致的经向或纬向递增或递减的空间分布.不同区域各农业气候资源历年变化特征差异明显,鲁西地区各气温指标升高趋势较弱,鲁中和鲁西南地区日照时数减少趋势最显著,鲁西地区蒸散量和干燥度减少趋势最显著,鲁中和鲁东南地区冬小麦生长季降水量增加趋势较明显,鲁中和鲁南地区夏玉米生长季降水量增加趋势较明显.山东省热量资源的增加有利于冬小麦生长季各阶段的发育,但植物病虫害的防治难度及农作物遭受高温热害的风险加大,日照时数减少不利于农作物生长期的光合作用,蒸散量减少则有利于土壤水分的保存.
Based on the 1961-2010 ground surface data from 90 meteorological stations, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal change characteristics of agricultural climate resources （e.g. sunshine hours, thermal resources and water） for the growth season of winter wheat and summer maize in Shandong Province. Results indicated that temperature indicators showed a significant rising tenden- cy especially in the winter wheat growth season. Both evapotranspiration and sunshine hours de- clined obviously, especially for the evapotranspiration in the summer maize growth season, while there was no clear change evidence in rainfall and aridity. Regarding the spatial distribution charac- teristics, agro-climatic resources presented meridional or zonal increment or decrement in the winter wheat and summer maize growth seasons. In different areas, variation features of agro-climatic re- sources appeared with distinct differences. In the western Shandong area, temperature indicators showed a slight rising tendency while evapotranspiration and aridity declined significantly. Sunshine hours decreased most significantly in the middle and west southern areas. Precipitation increment was relatively obvious in the winter wheat growth season in the middle and east southern areas and in the summer maize growth season in the middle and southern areas. Thermal resource increases benefited the growth of winter wheat in every phase during the growth period. However, it brought high risks of plant diseases and hot disaster as well. The decrease of sunshine hours was adverse to crop photosynthesis in the growth period while evapotranspiration decrement profited the water reten- tion of soil.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期269-277,共9页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306034)资助
关键词
气候变化
农业气候资源
山东省
climate change
agricultural climate resources
Shandong Province.
