摘要
由于SiO2气凝胶独特的纳米多孔结构,使其具有诸多其他材料所不能比拟的优异性能,比如极高的孔隙率和比表面积、极低的热导率及密度等特性。这些优异的性能使得SiO2气凝胶在高效保温隔热、隔声等领域具有极大的应用潜力。本文阐述了SiO2气凝胶的溶胶-凝胶制备过程及其机理,分别对SiO2气凝胶的热学、力学、光学和疏水性能的研究进展进行了概述,同时分析了气凝胶的微观结构与上述性能之间的关系,并介绍了SiO2气凝胶在低温保温隔热领域的应用现状和前景。
Owing to the unique nanoporous structure, SiO2 aerogels have many extraordinary properties that other materials cannot match, such as extremely high porosity, high specific surface area, extremely low thermal conductivity and low density. These extraor- dinary properties enable SiO2 aerogels to have great application potential in efficient thermal insulation and sound insulation, etc. In this review, the sol-gel preparation process and mechanism of silica aerogels are studied, and the thermal, mechanical, optical and hy- drophobic properties of silica aerogels are overviewed. Meanwhile, the relationship between the microstructure and their properties are analyzed. Current application situation and potential of silica aerogels on low-temperature thermal insulations are introduced.
出处
《航空材料学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期87-96,共10页
Journal of Aeronautical Materials
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAJ01B01)
上海市科委纳米专项(11nm0501600
12nm0503001)
国家高技术研究发展计划(2013AA031801)
关键词
SIO2气凝胶
制备
低温保温隔热
透光性能
疏水性
silica aerogel
preparation
low-temperature thermal insulation
hydrophobic properties
