摘要
介绍了直线型和盘式磁流体(MHD)发电机,鉴于盘式磁流体发电机结构紧凑、发电效率高、对应磁体系统简单等优点,建议在大型航天器上采用盘式磁流体发电机。根据空间应用的特点,盘式磁流体发电机的工质应选用氦/氙混合气体;在抑制等离子体的不稳定时,应综合使用扩张通道、导流片、波状外形壁面及射频线圈等方法。对空间盘式磁流体发电系统及试验设备研究情况进行了介绍;以高温气体闭环核能磁流体发电系统为例,分析了其工作原理和质量功率比等性能参数;总结出地面试验的研究趋势是向超长时间运行发展。针对我国在反应堆、材料、工艺等方面的发展现状,建议深入开展磁流体发电技术及盘式磁流体发电机研究,突破等离子体参数测量、稳定性等关键技术,促进我国在空间核动力技术领域的快速发展。
Through the description of the linear and disk MHD （magnetohydrodynamic） genera- tors, it is known that disk MHD generator has more advantages such as compact structure, higher efficiency and simple magnet, and is a better choice for application to large spacecraft. With con- sidering the background of applications, He/Xe mixed gas would be the optimal working gas. In order to restrain plasma instability, the divergent channel, swirls, contoured walls and RF （radio frequency） coils should be adopted together. The space disk MHD power generation system and the experimental facility are also introduced. By taking high temperature gas nuclear CCMHD （closed cycle MHD） power generation system for example, the working principle, specific mass and total plant efficiency are analyzed. The trend of experimental facility is summarized, which is long time continuous operation. With considering the development of reactor, material and techniques in China, some suggestions are proposed including making further study of MHD power generation tech- nology and disk MHD generator, and making a breakthrough in plasma parameter measurement and plasma stability, which can make the space nuclear power technology rapidly developed.
出处
《航天器工程》
北大核心
2015年第1期111-119,共9页
Spacecraft Engineering
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2012AA050908)
