摘要
目的 通过流行病学调查数据了解乌鲁木齐市0～14岁儿童支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）的患病率，并探讨其危险因素。方法 采用整群抽样的方法，实查11939例儿童，诊断哮喘148例，应用病例对照研究的方法分析乌鲁木齐市儿童哮喘的危险因素。结果 乌鲁木齐市 0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为1.24%（148/11939例）。明显低于第 3 次全国城市儿童哮喘患病率（3.02%）；与本地区 2000 年（0.61%）、1990 年（0.40%）患病率比较呈明显上升趋势。男童患病率［1.72%（104/6 047例）］明显高于女童［0.75%（44/5 892例）］（χ^2=23.081，P 〈0.001）。学龄前儿童患病率最高（1.33% ，36/2 705例），略高于学龄儿童（1.29% ，86/6690例）和婴幼儿（1.02% ，26/2 544 例）。汉族儿童患病率（1.36% ，121/8 895 例）高于少数民族（0.89% ，27/3044例）（χ^2=4.150，P 〈0.05）。经单因素 Logistic回归分析共有16个因素有统计学意义，多因素Logistic回归分析显示，家族过敏史、变应性鼻炎、食物过敏史、使用抗生素及家庭成员吸烟等均为哮喘发生的危险因素。结论 不同性别、不同年龄及不同民族儿童哮喘患病率存在差异。积极避免儿童哮喘的危险因素，对预防和控制儿童哮喘具有重要意义。
Objective To explore risk factors for asthma children in Urumqi aged 0 - 14 years old through the epidemiological survey data. Methods By cluster sampling method, totally 11 939 children were investigated. There were 148 cases of asthma,by using case - control study,the risk factors for asthma were analyzed. Results The total asthma morbidity rate of childhood asthma （aged 0 - 14 years old） in Urumqi（ 1.24% , 148/11 939 cases） was significantly lower than that of national city incidence （3.02%） based on the third -time national survey ;the prevalence rate was obviously rising compared with the region in 2000 （0.61%） and 1990 （0.40%）. The prevalence of asthma in male and female children was 1.72% （ 104/6 047 cases） and 0.75% （44/5 892 cases）, respectively （χ^2 = 23. 081, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Preschool children had the highest prevalence of asthma （ 1.33% ,36/2 705 cases） ,which was slightly higher than that of school - age children （ 1.29% ,86/6 690 cases） and that of the infants （ 1.02% ,26/2 544 cases）. The prevalence in Han children （ 1.36% , 121/8 895 cases） was higher than that of the minority children （0. 89% ,27/ 3 044 cases） （χ^2 =4. 150,P 〈0.05）. The uni - variate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 16 significant factors that related to asthma ; by multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the family history of allergies, allergic rhinitis, food allergy history, use of antibiotics and passive smoking were all risk factors associated with childhood asthma. Conclusions The asthma prevalence is significantly different in genders, ages, Han nationality and minority. Active avoidance of risk factors for asthma in children are of great significance in the prevention and control of children asthma.
出处
《中华实用儿科临床杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期261-263,共3页
Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics
