摘要
《齐民要术》所包涵的历史文化信息极其丰富。贾思勰在《要术》的撰写过程中,广泛征引查考前人文献。较少引起学界关注的,是当时正遭朝廷禁绝的谶纬以及与谶纬观念体系关系密切的《杂五行书》、《杂阴阳书》等文献,赫然亦在征引之列。这意味着魏晋南北朝时期的农学知识体系中,谶纬曾拥有不可忽视的一席之地。《齐民要术》屡引纬书,可能也与贾思勰及其家族的学术思想背景相关。《齐民要术》征引纬书之现象,当然也应放在更广阔的社会历史文化背景中考察。东汉以降,谶纬逐渐形成包罗万象的综合性百科式知识体系。魏晋南北朝时期谶纬虽然因政治上的严厉打压而逐渐边缘化,但在当时的政治生活与社会生活中,影响仍然深远,其独特的观念、话语、意像、论述、知识体系,有意无意间影响时人的知识结构、思维习惯、表达方式,并逐步走向更广泛的社会各阶层,乃至民间,在两晋南北朝的政治、社会、经济、生产、科技、文化、信仰、习俗中,留下了深刻的印记。
Qi Min Yao shu, or the Essential Techniques for the Peasantry by Jia Sixie, an agricultural encyclopaedia of the 6th century, is the earliest Chinese agricultural treatise to have survival in its entirety and preserved rich historical information. It quotes various influential sources in classics, history, literature, agriculture and mystical learnings which have attracted plentiful scholarly discussions. A neglected theme in these discussions is that the Essential Techniques for the Peasantry preserves a number of citations from the prophetic-apocryphal texts-a group of texts that contained many prophetic utterances and mystical canonical commentaries prevailed from late 1st century BCE to middle of 3rd century CE but severely banned by imperial courts thus became marginalized during the early medieval China, and its alike. This article argues that citing from the prophetic-apocryphal texts in the Essential Techniques for the Peasantry reveals the fact that the role of apocryphal learning played in the early medieval Chinese agricultural knowledge system should not be overlooked. Relevant social and cultural context is essential in the understanding of Jia Sixie＇ s citing from apocryphal texts in his noted agricultural work： educational tradition in his family-clan; the long-lasting culturalimpact of the prophetic-apocryphal learning remains influential in early medieval Chinese social and political life. As an integrated and predominated encyclopaedic knowledge system emerged ever since the beginning of 1st century CE, the prophetic-apocryphal learning, including its concepts, metaphors arm discourses, have penetrated and shaped people＇ s knowledge structure, thinking habit, and ways of expression, among all social strata, for no less than six or seven centuries. After all, we witness observable footprints of the prophet- ic-apocryphal learning in early medieval Chinese politics, society, culture, religion, as well as economy, science and technology and daily life.
出处
《中国农史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第1期116-127,共12页
Agricultural History of China
关键词
谶纬
贾思勰
齐民要术
魏晋南北朝农学
prophecy
apocrypha
Jia Sixie
Qi Min Yao Shu
early medieval Chinese agriculture
