摘要
在空间零(微)重力环境下,有效地控制储罐压力并尽量减少液体推进剂的排放损失是低温推进剂在轨储存的核心技术任务。空间热力环境引起的热渗透不可避免,它将使得储罐压力持续升高,然而在零重力环境下无法通过类似地面顶部排气的方法来控制压力,其严重后果是大量气液混合物被直接排放至太空。针对这一问题而提出的热力学排气系统(TVS)能够在气液位置不确定的情况下实现少量的单纯气态排放,并且充分利用所排放低温推进剂节流后的热力学焓,从而在双重作用下有效地实现了储罐压力的控制。文中从仿真理论和实验两个方面总结归纳了国外TVS的技术研究历史和现状,涉及液氢、液氧和液态甲烷等低温推进剂以及模拟流体液氮,为我国低温推进剂空间储存相关技术的发展提供参考。
Propellant tank pressure control while minimizing propellant boil off loss is a significant challenge associated with the storage of cryogens in the microgravity environment of space. The inevitable heat penetration due to space heating will lead to continuing rise of the tank pressure. However, in zero - gravity environment it is hard to vent through the top of the tank as the vaporliquid interface location is unknown. To solve this problem, the concept of thermodynamic venting system（TVS） is pro- posed since it is independent of vapor - liquid interface location either in zero - g gravity or 1 - g gravity environment. TVS enables removing a small amount of vapor （ without liquid）, which takes full advantage of the thermodynamic contribution of the vented propellant, thereby effectively controls the pressure of the tank. This paper summarizes the theoretical and experimental devel- opment and status of TVS technology abroad, involving on - orbit storage of liquid hydrogen, oxygen and methane as well as the simulating fluid nitrogen. It desires to provide references for domestic future development of cryogenic propellant storage on orbit.
出处
《低温与超导》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第2期5-13,共9页
Cryogenics and Superconductivity
基金
航天低温推进剂技术重点实验室基金课题(SKLTSCP1206-W)
上海市青年科技启明星计划(13QA1402000)
关键词
热力学排气系统
推进剂空间储存
仿真
实验
低温
Thermodynamic venting system （TVS） , Propellant storage, Simulation, Experiment, Cryogenic
