摘要
改进了前期工作建立的多相元胞自动机(multi-phase cellular automaton,MCA)模型,模拟以离异共晶方式凝固的球墨铸铁的显微组织演化.在模型中采用局部溶质平衡法计算石墨和奥氏体的生长动力学,并在石墨的生长模型中考虑石墨与Fe的密度比.该模型可以模拟出与实验观测相符合的显微组织形貌.应用该模型模拟分析了石墨与奥氏体的相互作用和竞争生长机制,讨论了冷却速率对凝固结束时石墨球大小和尺寸分布的影响,将模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明:奥氏体的析出促进邻近石墨在液相中的生长;奥氏体和石墨两相的生长受C扩散控制;当石墨被奥氏体包围后,生长速度减慢.此外,随着冷却速率的增大,凝固时间缩短,石墨球平均半径减小,不同冷速条件下石墨球尺寸分布的变化规律与实验结果吻合较好.
Spheroidal graphite（SG） cast iron is characterized by the presence of spherical graphite nodules distributed in the metallic matrix. The performance of castings is primarily dependent on the solidification microstructures. In this work, a two dimensional（2D） multi-phase cellular automaton（MCA） model previously proposed by the present authors is improved to simulate the microstructure evolution of SG cast iron during divorced eutectic solidification. The present model adopts a local solutal equilibrium approach to calculate the driving force for the growth of both graphite and austenite phases. The density difference between iron and graphite is also taken into account. The diffusion of solute in the simulation domain is calculated using a finite difference method（FDM）.The present model is applied to simulate the evolution of microstructure and carbon concentration field during solidification for hypereutectic SG cast irons. The results show that the present model can reasonably describe the typical features of divorced eutectic solidification, involving the independent nucleation and growth of primary graphite and austenite dendrites in liquid, the competitive growth of adjacent graphite nodules, engulfment of graphite nodules by austenite dendrites, the isotropic growth of the austenite shells that envelop the graphite nodules, the austenite to graphite eutectic phase transition controlled by carbon diffusion through the solid austenite shell, and multiple graphite nodules encapsulated in each austenite grain at the end of eutectic solidification. The simulated volume fraction and average diameter for graphite nodules are compared reasonably well with the experimental data and level rule calculation. The interactive and competitive growth behavior between austenite dendrites and graphite nodules is studied in detail. It is found that the growth of a graphite nodule is promoted by the approaching austenite. However, after embedded by an austenite dendrite, the growth velocity of graphite decreases rapidly because of lower carbon diffusivity in austenite than that in liquid. In addition, the effect of cooling rate on the size of graphite nodules is also investigated. The results show that with cooling rate increasing, the size distribution of graphite nodules varies from two peaks to one peak, and the average diameter of nodules decreases. The simulation results compare reasonably well with the experimental data reported in literature, demonstrating the validity of the present model.
出处
《金属学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期148-158,共11页
Acta Metallurgica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目51371051~~
关键词
球墨铸铁
凝固
离异共晶
元胞自动机
显微组织模拟
spheroidal graphite cast iron
solidification
divorced eutectic
cellular automaton
microstructure modeling
