摘要
在气候变化背景下,农业部门作为弱质产业,应对气象灾害的难度加大,探索国家对农业的科学支持政策,显得尤为重要。中印同为发展中国家,农业均深受气象灾害的危害。本研究通过分析总结印度农业保险发展的经验和教训,为中国农业保险发展提供借鉴。印度关注产量的农业保险发展阶段,通过立法成立国有的专业化农业保险公司和各类保险服务提供按保险费财政补贴,有利于农业保险供给主体的经营风险和提高经营效率,但覆盖面有限;印度气象指数保险发展阶段,气象指数透明、客观的特点和适宜的分销网络为气象指数保险推广提供了条件,但这种指数和农民损失的不完全相关性将导致农民在遭受惨重损失之时而索赔无望;区域产量和气象指数相结合的农业保险发展阶段,二者优势互补,覆盖面和理赔效率的不断提高。印度农业保险的启示在于:一是农业保险与气象致灾因子密不可分,气象指数保险与产量之间的相关性越明显,其发展潜力越大;二是农业保险属于政府支持农业发展的绿箱政策,引进竞争机制可以提高其效率与覆盖面;三是中国人均国民收入约为印度的3倍多,拥有比印度更为优越的政治制度,中国农业保险进一步优化的空间依然巨大。
It is particularly important and difficult to explore scientific national agricultural policy support forthe fragile agricultural industry to cope with meteorological disasters in the context of climate change.Chinaand India are both developing countries and their agriculture is endangered by the meteorological disasters.Itcould provide some reference for China by analysis of India＇s agricultural insurance development.At the stageof focusing on crop yield,India established State-owned specialized agricultural insurance company bylegislation and provided many insurance services and premium subsidies to facilitate agricultural insurancebusiness and improve operational efficiency,but the coverage was limited.At the stage of meteorological indexinsurance development,India＇s agricultural insurance made some progress in extension for transparent andobjective index of climate features and suitable marketing network,but these indices and farmers loss were notcompletely correlated and could led to farmers＇ heavy loss and sometimes hopeless claims.At the stage of cropyield and meteorological index combination development stage,the yield and the meteorological index complemented each other and brought in agricultural insurance＇s improvement of coverage and claimsefficiency and the government＇s strong support.India＇s agricultural insurance development had somesuggestions for China.Firstly,agricultural insurance was inextricably linked to meteorological hazard,the moreobvious correlation between yield and weather index insurance,the greater development potential.Secondly,the introduction of competition mechanism could improve agricultural insurance＇s efficiency and coveragesince agricultural insurance was green box policy for government to support agricultural development.Thirdly,because China＇s per capita GNI was more than 3 times as that of India＇s and China had more superior politicalinstitution,the development of China＇s agricultural insurance should be better.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2015年第5期284-290,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区青年基金项目"西南地区农业气象灾害防灾减灾能力构建范式研究"(11XJC790001)
四川石油天然气研究中心"低碳经济背景下的我国能源可持续发展战略研究"(川油气科SKB11-06)
成都信息工程学院2014-2015年度校选科研项目"现阶段完善农业气象防灾减灾政策支持体系研究"(CRF201422)
关键词
印度
农业保险
气象灾害
India
agricultural insurance
meteorological disasters
