摘要
致密油是当前全球非常规石油发展的亮点领域,页岩油是未来非常规石油发展的潜在资源。基于国内外页岩层系液态烃地质特征系统研究,提出致密油与页岩油的＂甜点区＂分布,应着眼烃源性、岩性、物性、脆性、含油气性与应力各向异性＂六特性＂匹配评价;并指出中国有利页岩层系的特点是液态烃TOC〉2%（S1〉2mg/g）,纹层状页岩或致密砂岩、致密碳酸盐岩,孔隙度较高（致密油储集层孔隙度大于10%,页岩油储集层孔隙度大于3%）,脆性矿物含量大于40%,含油饱和度60%~90%,较低原油黏度或较高地层压力,天然裂缝发育;对比北美有利页岩层系地质特征表明,北美有利页岩层系液态烃TOC大于4%,呈纹层状页岩或泥灰岩,孔隙度大于7%,脆性矿物含量大于50%,含油饱和度50%~80%,API〉40°及压力系数大于1.30,天然裂缝发育。围绕中国陆相致密油与页岩油沉积储集层,初步提出陆相细粒沉积分布模式、陆源碎屑与湖相碳酸盐岩混合成因的储集层岩石分类方案,初步预测技术可采资源量致密油约（20~25）×108t,页岩油约（30~60）×108t。陆相湖盆细粒沉积成因与分布、致密储集层微-纳米级储集空间结构、页岩层系液态烃充注及流动机制、页岩层系液态烃地球物理响应模型、资源潜力及＂甜点区＂评价预测等,将成为新时期非常规油气地质面临主要挑战与创新重点。
The research on tight oil recently becomes a highlight in global unconventional petroleum development and shale oil remains as the highly promising potential unconventional petroleum. Based on the systematic investigation of petroleum geology of shale hydrocarbons in China and other countries,we propose that distributions of sweet spots of tight oil and shale oil are constrained by source rock quality,lithology,petrophysics,brittleness,gas/oil contents,and underground stress anisotropy of reservoirs. Prolific shale strata in China possess such geological features of（1） TOC 〉 2% or S1〉2 mg/g,（2） laminated shale,tight sandstone or carbonate,（3） relatively high porosity（porosities of tight oil or shale oil reservoir should be higher than 10 vol. % or 3 vol. %,respectively）,（4） brittle minerals contents 〉 40%,（5） oil saturation in the range of 60%-90%,（6） relatively low oil viscosity or relatively high formation pressure,（7） fair development of fractures. Similarly,good shale reservoirs in U. S. have the geological characteristics of（1） TOC〉4%,（2） laminated shale or mudstone,（3） porosity 〉7 vol. %,（4） brittle minerals contents 〉50%,（5） oil saturation in the range of 50%~ 80%,（6） API〉40° and pressure coefficient 〉1. 30,（7） good development of fractures. A rock classification scheme for tight oil reservoirs,which have mixed terrigenous clastics and lacustrine carbonates sedimentary origins,is proposed to describe the Permian mixed sedimentary tight oil reservoir in the Junggar basin,and the preliminary assessment suggests that the technical recoverable reserves of tight oil and shale oil in the study area are approximately（20-25） ×108t and（30 ~60） ×108t,respectively. The key innovation and challenges of the new-era unconventional oil and gas might concentrate on the formation mechanisms of lacustrine fine-grained sediments,micrometer-nanometer scale storage structures of low permeable reservoirs,charge and migration of liquid hydrocarbons in shales,and reservoir geophysical response models of tight oil and shale oil as well as resource potential assessment and enrichment patterns of tight oil and shale oil.
出处
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期3-17,1-2,共15页
Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2014CB239000)
国家油气重大科技专项(2011ZX05001)
关键词
致密油
页岩油
页岩气
细粒沉积学
“甜点区”评价
岩石物理
混积岩
原位加热改质技术
非常规油气
tight oil； shale oil； shale gas； fine-grained sedimentology； ＂sweet spot＂assessment； petrophysics； mixed sedimentary rock； ICP； unconventional petroleum
