摘要
目的 了解2013年全国报告法定传染病的发病与死亡特征。方法 采用描述性分析方法对2013年全国报告的法定传染病发病、死亡数据进行分析,采用Microsoft Excel 2010和 ArcGIS 10.0软件制作图表。结果 2013年全国法定传染病总发病率为473.87/10万,较近3年平均值下降3%;总死亡率为1.23/10万,较近3年平均值上升2%。报告病例的实验室诊断率为38.4%。其中,报告发病率居前5位的病种为手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病、乙型肝炎、肺结核和梅毒,报告死亡的病种主要为艾滋病、肺结核和狂犬病。按传播途径分析,肠道传染病占本年度报告发病总数的49%,其次分别是经血与性传播传染病、呼吸道传染病和动物源性及虫媒传染病;按病原分析,病毒类传染病占发病总数的68%,高于细菌类和寄生虫类传染病。上海、浙江和江苏等地新发人感染H7N9禽流感疫情,麻疹、登革热、布鲁氏菌病等疫情上升明显,肺结核、乙型肝炎等传染病发病水平呈现下降。海南、广西、广东、新疆和浙江等地报告的法定传染病发病率排在全国前5位。结论 2013年我国法定传染病报告病例的实验室诊断率仍较低。西部省份和部分东南部省份的传染病发病水平较高,死亡水平较高的为西部省份。新发人感染H7N9禽流感疫情及局部地区的麻疹、登革热、布鲁氏菌病的高发与流行受到社会关注。
Objective To learn the characteristics of morbidity and mortality of notifiable diseases reported in China in 2013. Methods Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the morbidity and mortality of notifiable diseases in China in 2013,with Microsoft Excel 2010 and ArcGIS 10.0 used to develop statistical charts. Results In 2013,the morbidity of the nationwide notifiable diseases was 473.87/100 000,a decrease of 3% below the average of the recent 3 years,while the mortality was 1.23/100 000,an increase of 2% over the average of the recent 3 years. The rate of laboratory diagnosis of the reported cases was 38.4%. Top 5 diseases of the reported incidence were hand foot and mouth disease,other infectious diarrhea,hepatitis B,tuberculosis and syphilis. The death cases reported were mainly AIDS,tuberculosis and rabies. As classified by the transmission route analysis,intestinal infectious diseases accounted for 49% of the total incidence reported for the year,followed by the blood and sexually transmitted infectious diseases,respiratory infectious diseases,animal and vector borne infectious diseases. According to the pathogenic analysis,virus infectious diseases accounted for 68% of the total cases,higher than bacterial infectious diseases and animal-borne/vector-borne infectious diseases. In Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangsu,human infection with avian influenza A （H7N9） virus was emerging,as epidemic situation of measles,dengue fever and brucellosis were on the rise significantly nationwide,while the morbidity of infectious diseases decreased,namely pulmonary tuberculosis,hepatitis B among others. Morbidity of the top 5 provinces for notifiable infectious diseases were Hainan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Xinjiang and Zhejiang,respectively. Conclusion The proportion of laboratory confirmed cases among totals was still low in 2013. The morbidity of the infectious diseases was higher in western provinces and parts of south-eastern province,the mortality was higher in western provinces. The emerging human infection with avian influenza A（H7N9） virus,and the high epidemic of measles,dengue fever and brucellosis in some areas had caught the society concerns.
出处
《中华流行病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期194-198,共5页
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
关键词
法定传染病
发病率
死亡率
实验室诊断
Notifiable diseases
Morbidity
Mortality
Laboratory diagnosis
