摘要
可以在高温氧化、剧烈热震、燃气流烧蚀等苛刻条件下服役的新型高温结构和多功能防热材料是现代航空航天技术发展的迫切需求之一.Si-B-C-N系非晶及纳米晶复相陶瓷组织结构独特,高温性能优异,在高温结构和多功能防热领域极具应用潜力.有机聚合物先驱体裂解法(有机法)在致密Si-B-C-N系块体陶瓷的制备方面受限,哈尔滨工业大学特种陶瓷研究所开创的机械合金化-热压法(无机法)工艺简单,制备材料组织结构均匀、性能优良,成为Si-B-C-N系致密块体陶瓷和耐高温构件的有效制备手段,弥补了有机法的不足,对于丰富和完善该材料的实验数据和理论研究具有重要意义.本文综述了无机法制备Si-B-C-N系陶瓷及复合材料在显微组织结构特征及演变规律、力学和热物理学性能、抗氧化性能、抗热震性能、耐烧蚀性能和相关机理分析等方面的新近成果,并展望了其发展趋势.
The development of novel, high-temperature structural and multifunctional heat-resistant materials for service under high-temperature oxidation, severe thermal shock, ablation by combustion gas flow, and other harsh conditions has become one of the most pressing needs in the aerospace industry. Amorphous and nanocrystalline Si-B-C-N ceramic and its matrix composites have great potential applications in the fields of high-temperature structural and multifunctional heat-resistant ceramics because of their special structures and outstanding high-temperature properties. The preparation of dense Si-B-C-N ceramic bulks is greatly limited by the organic polymer precursor pyrolyzing method(organic processing route). Mechanical alloying and post-hot-pressing technologies(inorganic processing route) using inorganic powders as the raw materials were pioneered by researchers from the Institute of Advanced Ceramics at Harbin Institute of Technology about 10 years ago. The inorganic processing route, which is very simple and effective in the preparation of materials with uniform microstructures and excellent properties, has been used to obtain dense Si-B-C-N ceramic bulks and structural components resistant to high temperatures. The inorganic processing route has become an indispensable complement to the organic processing route and has resulted in improved and enriched experimental data and understanding of Si-B-C-N ceramics. Current research achievements in the field of Si BCN ceramics and their matrix composites obtained by the inorganic processing route(including microstructural characteristics, evolution laws, mechanical and thermophysical properties, the resistance to oxidation, thermal shock and ablation, and related mechanisms) are summarized and future trends are predicted.
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期236-245,共10页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家杰出青年科学基金(51225203)
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(51321061)和国家自然科学基金(51272300,51072041)资助
关键词
Si-B-C-N系陶瓷
非晶/纳米晶
机械合金化
热压烧结
组织结构
力学性能
热物理学性能
高温性能
Si-B-C-N ceramic,amorphous/nanocrystalline,mechanical alloying,hot pressed sintering,microstructure,mechanical property,thermophysics property,high-temperature property
