摘要
With the increased use of copper （Cu）-based antifouling （AF） paints, copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle Chthamalus challengeri. These experiments attempted to identify a more sensitive index to monitor copper pollution in marine environments. The 24 h LC_50 ranged from 156.07 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 817.15μg/L （cypris） and the no observed effect concentration （NOEC） ranged from 81.75 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 571.04 μg/L （cypris）. The cypris settlement rate declined significantly when copper concentrations 〉135 μg/L. No cypris was found in the copper concentration of 60 and 75 μg/L treatment groups stressed for 22 d. Nauplius Ⅱ moulting was not affected by exposure to copper for 24 h; however, when extended to 48 h, the percent moulted in 75 μg/L treatment group was declined to 37.12%, which was significant lower （P〈0.05） than that in the control group. The phototaxis of nauplius II decreased significantly when copper concentrations _〉45 μg/L. Despite an initial significant increase at copper concentrations of 30 μg/L, ammonia excretion rate decreased when copper concentrations ≥60 μg/L. These results suggested that： （1） nauplius Ⅱ could not develop to the cypris when the copper concentration ≥60 μg/L; （2） cypris settlement is more susceptible to copper than cypris mortality rate; （3） nauplius II is the most sensitive larval stage; （4） nauplius II ammonia excretion rate is the most sensitive index to copper and might be as the indicator for copper pollution monitoring.
With the increased use of copper(Cu)-based antifouling(AF) paints,copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle Chthamalus challengeri. These experiments attempted to identify a more sensitive index to monitor copper pollution in marine environments. The 24 h LC5 0 ranged from 156.07 μg/L(nauplius II) to 817.15 μg/L(cypris) and the no observed effect concentration(NOEC) ranged from 81.75 μg/L(nauplius II) to 571.04 μg/L(cypris). The cypris settlement rate declined significantly when copper concentrations ≥135 μg/L. No cypris was found in the copper concentration of 60 and 75 μg/L treatment groups stressed for 22 d. Nauplius II moulting was not affected by exposure to copper for 24 h; however,when extended to 48 h,the percent moulted in 75 μg/L treatment group was declined to 37.12%,which was significant lower( P< 0.05) than that in the control group. The phototaxis of nauplius II decreased significantly when copper concentrations ≥45 μg/L. Despite an initial significant increase at copper concentrations of 30 μg/L,ammonia excretion rate decreased when copper concentrations ≥60 μg/L. These results suggested that:(1) nauplius II could not develop to the cypris when the copper concentration ≥60 μg/L;(2) cypris settlement is more susceptible to copper than cypris mortality rate;(3) nauplius II is the most sensitive larval stage;(4) nauplius II ammonia excretion rate is the most sensitive index to copper and might be as the indicator for copper pollution monitoring.
基金
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3107045820)
the State Oceanic Administration Public Welfare Project(Nos.201305009,201305009-4,201005007)
