摘要
甲状腺结节是甲状腺疾病的常见表现之一,鉴别其良、恶性非常重要,应依据患者的病史、体征、血清促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)水平和甲状腺超声检查结果进行初步评估,而细针穿刺细胞学(fine needle aspiration cytology,FNAC)检查、特别是超声引导下的FNAC检查则是术前评估甲状腺结节良、恶性的敏感和特异性方法。对良性甲状腺结节患者一般需要长期随访,其中对少数患者需要进行包括手术、131I、经皮无水酒精注射或TSH抑制疗法等治疗;对确诊或疑为恶性甲状腺结节患者多直接采用手术治疗。
Thyroid nodules are common entities and frequently discovered in endocrine clinical practice. The focal point of evaluation is the identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The initial evaluation should include a history and physical examination, serum thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH） and thyroid ultrasonography. Fine needle aspiration cytology is the most accurate and reliable way for diagnosing thyroid malignancy, particularly if performed under ultrasound guidance. Benign thyroid nodules require further long-term follow-up. Therapeutic interventions for benign nodules, when needed, may include surgery, 131I therapy, or percutaneous ethanol injection, as indicated. TSH suppressive therapy is currently controversial and usually not recommended. Surgical treatment is recommended for the nodules of confirmed or suspected malignant.
出处
《上海医药》
CAS
2015年第7期16-19,共4页
Shanghai Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal
基金
上海市自然科学基金项目(项目编号:15ZR1437100)
上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研基金项目(项目编号:201440050)
关键词
甲状腺结节
诊断
治疗
thyroid nodule
diagnosis
therapy
