摘要
哮喘是育龄妇女常见的疾病,大约4%～8%的孕妇患有哮喘。由于激素水平的变化和腹腔内体积增加,正常的妊娠对呼吸生理将产生很大影响。妊娠期间功能残气量（FRC）和补呼气容积（ERV）将减少,同时孕妇氧耗量将增加。氧耗量增加和功能残气量降低导致了氧储备降低并且大大增加了缺氧的敏感性。妊娠合并哮喘患者大约1/3哮喘保持稳定,1/3哮喘控制率有提高,另外1/3哮喘将恶化。孕妇严重哮喘恶化可能导致严重的临床后果,应该结合其呼吸生理改变立即处理。处理措施主要包括立即吸氧,药物治疗,非常严重的情况下需要气管插管机械通气治疗。关注妊娠合并哮喘患者的呼吸生理改变和肺功能变化,并以此为依据适时改变治疗策略可以最大程度确保母亲和胎儿的健康。本文将概述妊娠期呼吸生理改变和哮喘急性发作时的治疗。
Asthma is a common disease in reproductive age women, with a prevalence of 4%-8%.Respiratory physiology will be changed significantly during pregnancy because of the changed level of hormone and intraperitoneal volume. Besides functional residual capacity（FRC） and expiratory reserve volume（ERV） will decrease during pregnancy, and the oxygen consumption will increase during pregnancy. The increase of the oxygen consumption and the decrease of FRC both lead to the lower oxygen reserves and the higher sensitivity to hypoxia. Approximately, one third of the pregnancy combined with asthma will remain stable, one third of them have increased control rate, and in the other one third of them the asthma aggravate. Severe asthma exacerbation in pregnant women can lead to serious clinical consequences, it should be dealt with immediately based on its respiratory physiological changes. The treatments include oxygen uptake, medication, and in the serious situation it need trachea cannula and mechanical ventilation. Pay close attention to the changes of respiratory physiological and lung function in the patient of pregnancy combined with asthma, and alter the treatment strategy basing on the above changes will insure the health of the pregnant women and their fetus furthest. This article outlined the respiratory physiological changes during pregnancy and the treatment of acute episoded asthma in the pregnancy.
出处
《中华临床医师杂志（电子版）》
CAS
2015年第7期115-119,共5页
Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition)
关键词
哮喘
妊娠
呼吸生理学
治疗
Asthma
Pregnancy
Respiratory physiology
Treatment
