摘要
婚姻关系存续期间,夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务的性质是个人债务还是共同债务,直接影响到非举债方配偶和债权人的合法权利保护,现有的法律规定和最高人民法院的相关司法解释尽管有一些认定规则和推定规则,但其价值取向、判断标准不同。有的从保护非举债方配偶权利和婚姻家庭整体利益出发,形成以"为夫妻共同生活"所负债务为夫妻共同债务的认定规则和推定规则,这种规则有时导致夫妻合谋假离婚实现逃债,侵害债权人权利情形的发生;有的从维护交易安全、保护债权人权利出发,形成以"婚姻关系存续"时间内所负债务为夫妻共同债务的推定规则,这种规则有时导致夫妻一方与第三人合谋制造虚假债务,侵害非举债方配偶权利情形的发生。上述情况造成了司法实务部门对具体案件法律规则适用上的困局,破解该困局的最佳方案应当是:依据兼顾交易安全、保护债权人权利与非举债方配偶的权利的价值取向和原则,在现有法律、司法解释框架下,对夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务清偿规则进行重新解构。在实体法层面以日常家事代理权制度为中心,实现相关法律规范与清偿规则的有序衔接;在程序法层面,通过在一定条件下增加债权人注意义务,合理分配举证责任实现各方利益的平衡。
During marital relations subsisting,the debt occurred by one person of spouses is the nature of personal debt or joint debt,directly affects the legal protection of the rights of non-borrowing party spouse and the creditor,although there are a number of confirmation rules and presumption rules in the existing legal provisions and relevant judicial interpretation of Supreme People＇s Court,but due to the value orientation and criteria are different,that proceed from protecting the right of non-borrowing party spouse and the overall interests of the family,to form the confirmation rule and presumption rules that the debt owed when ＂living together as husband and wife＂is the jointly debt. Such rules sometimes lead to couples conspire fake divorce to achieve avoiding debt,infringing creditors＇ rights. Others proceed from maintaining the security of transactions and protecting the rights of creditors,to form the presumption rules that the debt during the period of ＂existence of marital relationship＂is couple＇s joint debt. Such rules sometimes lead to a spouse conspires with a third party to create false debt,infringing the rights of non- borrowing party spouse. The above situation has brought the predicament for the statutory rules application on specific cases to judicial practice departments. The best solution to break the predicament should be： based on the value orientation and principles that both transaction security,protecting the rights of creditors and non-borrowing party spouse,under the framework of existing laws and judicial interpretation,conduct re-deconstruction for the settlement rule for the debt occurred by one person of spouses. On the level of substantial law,taking the agent power of family affair as the center,to achieve orderly connection of relevant legal norms and settlement rule. On the level of procedural law,through increasing the duty of care to creditors under certain conditions,reasonably allocate burden of proof to achieve the balance of interests of all parties.
出处
《政法论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第2期77-84,共8页
Journal of Political Science and Law
基金
2014年度中国法学会部级研究课题<我国妇女儿童权益保障情况实证调查研究>[项目批准号:CLS(2014)D045]的阶段性成果
吉林省教育厅十二五社会科学研究规划项目<吉林省离婚妇女婚姻家庭权益司法保障实证研究>
西南政法大学2014年度重大专项项目<我国妇女儿童权益法律保障情况实证调查研究>﹙项目批准号:2014XZZD-002﹚的阶段性成果
关键词
夫妻债务
清偿规则
推定规则
认定规则
规则解构
marital debt
settlement rules
presumption rules
confirmation rules
rules deconstruction
