摘要
选取山东小清河流域为研究区,在2012—2013年汛期和非汛期的水质监测基础上,应用主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)等多元统计方法识别流域不同形态氮磷浓度的时空分布特征,结合空间分析和相关分析方法辨析集水区不同土地利用方式对氮磷输出的影响。结果表明:流域氮污染严重,其中总氮超标率达100%。氨氮、磷酸盐浓度汛期显著高于非汛期,硝态氮浓度则非汛期显著高于汛期(P<0.05)。以总磷、总溶解态磷为主要指标的主成分Z1对水质变化的贡献率接近50%,以总氮、氨氮和硝态氮为主要指标的主成分Z2对水质变化的贡献率接近20%。总氮、总磷、氨氮、磷酸盐和总溶解态磷浓度与集水区城市和工业建设用地的面积比例呈显著正相关(P<0.05);硝态氮浓度与耕地面积比例呈显著正相关,与草地、林地面积比例呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。空间上按氮磷分布特征不同子流域被划分为3类:第1类和第2类主要集中在干流及北部平原区,沿途接纳点源排放,氮磷浓度总体较高且空间差异较大;第3类流域主要位于南部山区,建设用地比例较小,污染程度相对较低。
Water quality of the Xiaoqinghe watershed in Shandong Province during rainy and dry seasons in the year of2012-2013 were investigated. Based on the water quality monitoring data of the period,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to determine spatio-temporal distribution of various forms of nitrogen（ N） and phosphorus（ P） in the watershed. Meanwhile,spatial analysis and correlation analysis were carried out to analyze effects of types of land use on N and P export. Results show that nitrogen pollution of the watershed was very serious,with the over standard rate of total nitrogen（ TN） reaching 100%. Ammonia nitrogen（ NH4＋-N） and orthophosphate-phosphorus concentrations（ PO43--P） were significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season,whereas nitrate nitrogen concentration was in a reverse trend. Principal components（ Z1） represented mainly by total phosphate（ TP） and total dissolved phosphorus（ TDP）,explained about 50% of the total variability of water quality,while principal components（ Z2）,consisting mainly of TN,NH4＋-N and NO3--N,explained about 20% of the total variability. TN,TP,NH4＋-N,PO43--P and TDP concentrations were significantly and positively related to proportion of the residential and industrial zones in the area of the watershed and NO3--N concentration was positively related to proportion of the cropland,but negatively to that of the forestland and grassland. In terms of spatial distribution nitrogen and phosphorus,the watershed could be divided into three groups of sub-watersheds： Group One and Group Two were distributed mainly along the main stream and in the northern plain,and being receptors of point source pollution where the concentration of N and P were generally quite high and varied sharply,and Group Three was mainly in the southern mountain area,where construction area was quite low in proportion and pollution was low,too,in degree.
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期137-145,共9页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-14)
中国科学院"一三五"规划(烟台海岸带研究所)生态突破项目(Y254021031)
关键词
小清河流域
氮磷
时空特征
土地利用
多元统计
Xiaoqinghe watershed
nitrogen and phosphorus
spatio-temporal variation
land use
multi-variable statistical analysis
