摘要
为探索在一定无机肥施用量基础上配施有机肥对玉米的增产机理,在山西省农科院东阳试验基地采用大田试验研究了4种有机肥施用量对玉米叶面积指数、光合速率、气孔导度及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施有机肥处理的玉米各生育时期的叶面积指数、光合效率和气孔导度都显著增大,产量显著提高。随施肥量增加,叶面积指数增大,促进了营养生长并延缓了叶片衰老,有利于叶片生长;300 kg/hm2(M)有机肥处理下,抽穗期和灌浆期叶片光合速率和气孔导度效果较好,有利于提高光合作用,促进了籽粒灌浆,产量达到最高,较对照提高34.1%。抽穗期和灌浆期光合参数与籽粒产量的相关性高于拔节期和大喇叭口期,说明通过提升花后的光合作用能够更有效地提高作物产量。在常规施用化肥基础上,配施300 kg/hm2有机肥有是山西地区玉米的最佳施肥方式。
To explore the maize yield-increasing mechanism of matching organic fertilizer on the basis of the certain amount appli- cation of inorganic fertilizer, the field experiment was carried out in Dongyang Experiment Station, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sci- ences to study the effects of four kinds of organic fertilizer application amount on leaf area index, photosynthesis rate （Pn）, stomatal con- ductance （ Gs ） and grain yield. The results showed that compared with the control, leaf area index, Pn and Gs at different growth stages and yield were significantly improved at the treatment of applying organic fertilizer. With the increasing of fertilization amount, leaf area index was improved, and promoted the nutritional growth and delayed the leaf aging, which was beneficial to the leaf growth. When the organic fertilizer amount was 300 kg/hm2, Pn and Gs at heading stage and filling stage had better effects, which were helpful to photosyn- thesis and promoted grain filling, thus made yield highest and improved 34.1%. The correlation between photosynthetic parameters at heading stage and filling stage and grain yield was higher than jointing stage and big bell stage, which explained that by improving photo- synthesis after anthesis the yield improved effectively. In all, on the basis of conventional applying chemical fertilizer, matching organic fertilizer amount at 300 kg/hm2 was the best fertilizer application method of maize in Shanxi area.
出处
《山西农业科学》
2015年第4期430-433,438,共5页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技部技术创新项目(13C26211400711)
山西省科技攻关项目(20120311002-8)
关键词
玉米
施肥
光合速率
气孔导度
产量
maize
fertilization
photosynthesis rate
stomatal conductance
yield
