摘要
以Arc GIS为平台,以望谟河流域内不同类型植被为研究对象,分析流域不同植被类型在地形上的分异特点,以及造成望谟河流域水土流失的原因。结果表明,流域海拔高差大,山高谷深,平坡和险坡较少,大部分属陡急坡,坡向以阴坡和阳坡为主,平地少,地表径流的冲刷能力较强,水土流失强度大。研究区内各种植被类型的面积大小排序:阔叶林>混交林>针叶林>水田>灌木林>旱地>经果林>草地,阔叶林是研究区的主要植被,占流域总面积的45.64%,混交林占流域总面积的14.29%,针叶林占流域总面积的13.57%;其次是水田、灌木林和旱地,分别占流域总面积的7.61%、6.95%和5.12%;草地和经果林在研究区内分布很少,只有1.12%和3.24%。各种植被在各高程梯度、各坡度梯度以及各坡向上均有分布,只是分布的面积大小不一样,其中有56.89%的水田和74.87%旱地分布在坡度>15°以上的区域。该区域不属于农业生产的最佳区域,人为的陡坡开荒破坏了土壤的稳定性,使陡急坡地段的土壤变得松弛,容易被坡面径流冲刷带走,加剧了水土流失。
As different types of vegetation in Wangmo river watershed, based on ArcGIS platform, the differentiation characteristics of differ- ent vegetation types in terrain was analyzed, as well as the cause of soil and water loss. The results show that the basin elevation difference is big, the mountains are high deep valley, fiat slope and less risk of slope, most of the steep slope, most aspect is sunny slope and cloudy slope, has little ground, increased surface runoff scour capability and water and soil erosion. Research in the area size of various vegetation types to include： broadleaf forest 〉 mixed forest 〉 coniferous forest 〉 paddy field 〉 bushy forests 〉 dry land 〉 economic forest 〉 grass. Broad- leaved forest is the main vegetation in the study area, accounting for 45.64% of the total area, accounting for 14.29% of the total area of the basin, the mixed coniferous forest account for 13.57% of the total area of the basin. But the paddy field, shrubbery and dry land, respectively 7.61% , 6.95% and 5.12% of the total area of river basin; Grass and economic forest in the study zone distribution rarely only 1.12% and 3.24%. All kinds of vegetation in each vertical gradient, all of the slope gradient and aspect have distribution, only the distribution of the area size is different, of which 56.89% and 74.87% of the paddy field and dry land distribution in the slope is greater than the area of more than 15°, the region does not belong to the best areas of agricultural production, struggle up the steep slope of the artificial forest destroyed the sta- bility of the soil, make the steep slope of soil becomes loose, easy to slope surface runoff scour away, aggravated the water and soil erosion.
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2015年第10期246-248,286,共4页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字[2010]2240)
贵州大学引进人才科研项目(贵大人基合字(2009)006)
中国气象局第三次青藏高原大气科学试验项目
贵州省喀斯特生态与环境专业学位研究生工作站项目(贵州省教育厅2014)
关键词
望谟河流域
植被类型
地形因子
Wangmo river watershed
Vegetation types
Terrain factor
