摘要
理解和把握近年来湖泊生态系统服务功能退化规律的最佳手段是评估其生态系统服务功能价值的变化。以太湖为例,基于近十年来太湖生态系统的科学调查数据,综合运用生态学及经济学方法,对太湖生态系统的四大类功能和11个亚类的服务价值进行了综合评估。研究结果表明,2000年、2003年、2007年和2009年太湖生态系统服务总价值分别为1627.98亿元、1908.68亿元、1503.99亿元和3528.73亿元,保持逐渐升高的趋势,但是在2007年却意外降低。从2000年到2009年太湖生态系统服务功能价值构成发生了一些变化,2000年以供水功能为主体,约占总价值的43%,2003年和2007年变为以航运功能为主体,分别占总价值的41.31%和38.73%,而2009年又变为以旅游功能为主体,约占总价值的52.52%,总体上由供给功能向文化功能转变。航运功能和旅游功能急剧上升而供水功能急剧下降不利于长远发挥的太湖生态服务功能。蓝藻水华的发生可能降低太湖供给功能、支持服务功能和文化服务功能,进而对太湖生态服务的总价值产生负面影响。研究认为太湖生态系统对支持和保护人类社会具有重要的作用,为管理者和决策者有效的保护和管理湖泊生态系统提供了重要的信息。
Lake ecosystem in Tai Lake （CH： Taihu） provide people with both direct and indirect benefits which are called ecosystem services. However, lake ecosystem services in Tai Lake have not well recognized and accurately quantified in past years. Decades of wastewater discharge, industrial pollution, and over application of chemical fertilizers around the basin have transformed this once meso-oligotrophic lake in the 1950s into its present hypertrophic state. As a result, cyanobaeteria blooms appear during every summer in recent years, which may in turn have serious impacts on lake ecosystem functions and services delivery. In the late May of 2007, heavy cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis and their harmful metabolites occurred in the water columns of the northern region of Tai Lake resulting in a world-shaking drinking water crisis in Wuxi, Jiangshu Province, China. The best way to understand the deterioration of ecosystem service functions of a lake is to assess its ecosystem service values. Tai Lake, as a typical lake in eutrophication in China, was selected as a case study and data of ecosystems of Tai Lake were collected over the last 10 years. An integrated method of economy and ecology was applied to estimate the value of lake ecosystem service functions. Ecosystem service functions of Tai Lake were divided into four main categories including provisioning, regulating , cultural and supporting services. The four categories were subdivided into eleven subcategories which covered water supply, aquatic products, shipping, climate regulation, soil and sand transportation, water purification, flood control, water resource storage, soil conservancy, maintaining biodiversity and tourism. Total values of ecosystem services for Tai Lake in 2000, 2003, 2007 and 2009 were 1628.0 %×10s, 1908.7 ×10 8, 1504.0× 108 and 3528.7×10 8 Yuan RMB, respectively. An increasing tendency of total value of ecosystem service of Tai Lake was observed in each year except 2007. The main ecosystem service functions changed from supply function to culture function from 2000 to 2009. The main function of Tai Lake was water supply in 2000, the value of which accounted for 43% of the total ecosystem service value. However, the main function of Tai Lake changed to transportation function whose values accounted for 41.31% and 38.73% of the total value in 2003 and 2007, respectively. The main function changed to tourism function in 2009, the value of which accounted for 52.52% of the total value. The value of transportation and tourism service of Tai Lake underwent a sharp increase in recent year while the value of water supply went through a rapid decline resulting from too much attention paid to the development of transportation and tourism industry, which is not good for the continual, healthy and stable development of Tai Lake in the long run. Cyanobacteria blooms had an adverse effect on the value of ecosystem service of the Tai Lake by decreasing values of supply, supporting and cultural functions. Our research suggested that Tai Lake ecosystem play an important role in supporting and protecting human well-being. Valuation of changes of ecosystem services of Tai Lake provided the decision makers information of benefit of lake protection and effective management of lake ecosystem.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期2255-2264,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究计划973计划课题(2008CB418106)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41271502
C031001)
城市与区域生态国家重点实验室项目(SKLURE2008-1-04
SKLURE2008-1-05)
关键词
湖泊生态系统
服务
评估
经济
lake ecosystem
services
evaluation
economics
