摘要
目的了解小学一年级新生的视力不良发生率,分析其家庭影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,对北京市海淀区某学区内的6所小学共698名一年级新生进行眼科检查及问卷调查。结果一年级新生视力不良率高达24.4%。视力不良学生中,女生(28.2%)大于男生(20.9%);高龄儿童(25.1%)大于低龄儿童(17.5%);出生季节中夏季最高(35.2%);遗传因素中父母均为近视者最高(44.4%);早产儿(68.3%)高于足月儿(23.9%)。睡觉开灯者(35.5%)高于关灯者(20.0%);使用VDT年限越长,视力不良率越高;室内活动者(28.6%)高于户外活动者(21.5%);户外活动时间越短、课外学习时间越长,视力不良率越高,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论性别、年龄、出生史、家族史、生活习惯等家庭因素与小学新生的视力不良率相关,提示防控近视应从改善家庭环境着手。
Objective To understand poor vision status among freshmen in elementary school, and analyze the related family factors. Methods A cluster randomly sampling method was used and the investigation for ophthalmic examination and questionnaire were carried out among 698 freshmen in 6 primary schools in Haidian District of Beijing. Results The poor vision rate in freshmen was 24.4%. The poor vision rate in girls （28.2%） was higher than boys （20.9%）. The higher rate in the older （25.1%） ; summer-born children had the highest poor vision rate （35.2%） ; children of two shortsighted parents had the highest rate （44. 4% ）; higher rate in premature delivery （68. 3% ） than full-term birth （23.9%）. The poor sight rate of who slept with lighting （35. 5% ） was higher than without light （20. 0% ） ; who did exercise indoor （28.6%） higher than outdoor （21.5%）. Poor vision prevalence in freshman increased with years of computer using, shorter outdoor time, longer time on homework （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Age, gender, history of pregnancy and delivery, family history, living habit of freshman were associated with poor vision rate, so to prevent and control children＇ s myopia, improving their home environment have to start working.
出处
《中国健康教育》
2014年第8期701-705,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
基金
北京市首都医学发展科研基金(2011-2008-08)
关键词
小学一年级新生
视力不良
家庭因素
Freshman of elementary school
Poor vision
Family factors
