摘要
为了改变西藏地区马铃薯栽培沿用的传统施肥方法和栽培模式,发挥脱毒马铃薯自身的优良习性,使产量和品质得到大幅度提高,为脱毒薯的推广和本地马铃薯产业的发展打好基础。采用正交试验方法,研究了干旱半干旱气候、土壤贫瘠的自然条件下高寒地区的脱毒马铃薯高效施肥技术和合理种植密度。结果表明:氮肥是马铃薯植株健壮生长和获得较高产量不可缺少的基本肥料之一,充足的钾肥,有利于马铃薯植株营养体生长,使产量和质量都得到提高。在密度90000株/hm2、氮肥360 kg/hm2、磷肥180 kg/hm2、钾肥300 kg/hm2时,可以获得最高产量,在此试验条件下产量可以达到35808 kg/hm2;种植密度增大减少商品薯,在播种密度为75000株/hm2时,既可以保证产量又有利于增加商品薯。通过试验研究表明:在高寒地区一定范围内播种密度越大产量越高,氮肥和钾肥处于第二影响因素,磷肥对产量的增产作用不显著。
The study aims to change the traditional fertilization methods and cultivation mode of potatocultivation in Tibet, give play to the good habits and characteristics of virus free potato, improve potato yieldand quality, and lay a foundation for the promotion of virus-free potato and development of potato industry.Using the orthogonal test method, under drought natural semiarid climatic of alpine region and poor soilconditions, the author studied high fertilization techniques of virus free potato and reasonable planting density.The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer could greatly promote the growth of potato plants and was one of thebasic fertilizer to obtain high yield. Plenty of potassium fertilizer could be beneficial to the potato plantvegetative growth, yield and quality. When density was 90000 plants per hundred- square- meter, nitrogenfertilizer was 360 kg/hm^2, phosphate fertilizer was 180 kg/hm^2, potassium fertilizer was 300 kg/hm^2, themaximum yield of 35808 kg/hm^2 was achieved. The planting density increase could reduce the production ofcommodity potato, when sowing density was 75000 plants per hundred-square-meter, both the output and theincrease production of commodity potato could be guaranteed. The study showed that in the alpine regionwithin a certain range, the more the sowing density the higher the yield of the virus-free potato, nitrogen andpotassium fertilizer belonged to the second influencing factor and phosphate fertilizer had no significant effecton yield.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2015年第12期133-138,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
西藏自治区科技厅重点科技项目"脱毒马铃薯高产栽培技术研究与示范项目"(XZ-2012016)
关键词
脱毒马铃薯
产量
正交试验
高寒地区
virus-free potato
yield
orthogonal experiment
alpine region
