摘要
施用化学农药是导致砀山梨园土壤污染的主要因素。本研究系统检测了梨园化学农药残留时空分布，定量评价了间作作物与生物药剂结合对梨园土壤理化性状和农药残留的调控作用。春季、秋季分别检测了0～20、20--40、40-60cm土壤主要化学农药检出率和残留量。调控作用试验设计为：①间作白三叶草＋O．3％SAVONAl200X＋1％申嗪霉素2000X替代50％常规施药化学农药用量；②间作桔梗＋0．3％SAVONA1200X＋1％嗪霉素2000X替代50％常规施药化学农药用量；③对照：人工除草＋常规施药。每个处理重复3次。结果显示：主要化学农药检出率和残留量为：0-20cm〉20-40cm〉40-60cm，秋季〉春季，表明土壤化学农药残留主要分布在0～40cm土层，来源于当年施用的化学药剂。通过2年调控试验，处理①和②0～40cm的土壤中苯醚甲环唑残留量分别为17．00±0．82、5．67±1．25μg·L-1显著低于对照57．67±1．70μg·L-1；毒死蜱分别为3±0．00、2±0．00μg·L-1显著低于对照4±0．00μg·L-1；吡虫啉分别为103．33±1．70、180．00±4．08μg·L-1显著低于对照401．67±13．12μg·L-1。桔梗对土壤中的氮吸收作用显著，白三叶草固氮作用显著，桔梗、白三叶草对土壤中的磷拦截作用显著。晴天测试的土壤含水量处理①和②显著高于对照，2014年7月26日12：30和15：30地表温度处理①和②均显著低于人工除草地。
Application of chemical pesticides is the main cause that leads the soil pollution in Dangshan pear orchard. This research tested systematically the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical pesticide residues and evaluated quantitatively the synergistic regulation of combining intercrops with biological agent on physicochemical characters and chemical pesticide residues in pear orchard soil. We examined the detectable rates and residues of main chemical pesticides in the depth of 0~20, 20--.40 cm and 40-60 cm soil both in spring and autumn. The manipulating experiment was designed as： ①Intereropping Trifolium repens ＋0.3%SAVONA1200X＋l% Phenazino-I-carboxylic acid 2000X substituted 50% of the amount of routine application of chemical pesticides; ②Intercropping Platycodon grand/florum＋0.3%SAVON- A1200X＋l% Phenazino-1-earboxylic acid 2000X substituted 50% of the amount of routine application of chemical pesticides; ③Control： manual weeding＋the routine application of chemical pesticides. Each of treatments was repeated three times. The results demonstrated that the orders of the detectable rate and residue of main chemical pesticides were 0~20 era〉20~40 cm〉40-60 cm and autumn〉spring, which showed the soil contamination of chemical pesticides was concentrated in the depth of 0-40 cm soil and caused mainly by chemical agent of current season application. After 2 years of the manipulation experiment, the residue of difenoconazole in the depth of 0--40 cm soil in treat- ment ① and ① was 17.003=0.82, 5.67＋1.25 μg· L-1 respectively, which were significantly lower than 57.67μ1.70 μg·L-1 in the control. The residue of chlorpyrifos in the depth of 0-40 cm soil in treatment ① and ② was 3±0.00, 2±0.00 μg. L-1 respectively, which were significantly lower than 4＋0.00 ±g· L-l in the control. The residue of imidacloprid in the depth of 0-40 cm soil in treatment ① and ② was 103.33±1.70, 180.00±4.08 μg· L-1 respectively, which were significantly lower than 401.67± 13.12 μg·L-1 in the control. Platycodon grandiflorum had a sig- nificant effect on assimilating nitrogen in the soil. Trifolium repens had a significant effect on fixation of nitrogen. Both Platycodon grandiflo- rum and Trifolium repens had an apparent effect on intercepting phosphorus in the soil. The water content of soil examined in sunny day was significantly higher in treatment ① and ②than in the control. The temperatures of surface soil examined at 12：30 and 15：30 on July 26th, 2014 in treatment ①and ② were significantly lower than in the control.
出处
《农业资源与环境学报》
CAS
2015年第2期209-214,共6页
Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment
基金
安徽省省级环保课题(2013-006)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAK17B12)
安徽农业大学学科提升项目(XKTS2013004)
关键词
白三叶草
桔梗
梨树
间作
生物药剂
土壤理化性状
化学农药残留
TriJblium repens
Platycodon grandiflorum
pear tree
intercrop
biological agent
physicochemical characters of soil
pesticideresidue in soil
