摘要
2013年3月至2014年2月,在秦岭南坡观音山自然保护区大坪峪颜家沟内选取一群半野生川金丝猴的成年个体作为研究对象,采用瞬时扫描取样法收集其觅食的食物类型数据,目的是为该猴群建立食谱,并通过对比不同季节内觅取的食物组成差异探讨秦岭南坡川金丝猴如何应对喜食食物的季节性缺乏。结果表明:秦岭南坡川金丝猴共采食53种植物(包括34种乔木、13种灌木、6种藤本植物)和4种大型真菌,分别占取食植物组成的64.3%、25.3%、8.0%和2.2%,春、夏、秋、冬季节取食种类和多样性指数分别为20种(3.93)、19种(3.73)、21种(3.87)和25种(4.12)。在秦岭南坡川金丝猴的食物组成中,地衣占总觅食记录的22%;树叶占20%,其中嫩叶9%和成熟叶11%;种子、树皮、芽苞、果实和叶柄分别占16%、15%、11%、9%和7%。该猴群觅取的植物部位具有明显的季节性差异。春季,对树皮和芽苞的觅食量较高,分别为28%和25%;夏季,增加了对成熟叶的采食量(29%),而减少了芽苞的觅取量(5%);秋季,以取食种子和果实为主,分别占总觅食的48%和16%;冬季,地衣的采食量达到最大值(41%)。觅食的食物组成与食物的可获得性呈正相关性(R=0.984,P<0.01),这与大多数叶猴的适应策略类似,在喜食食物短缺的冬季,它们选择更多的地衣和树皮为食,同时它们采食的种类和食物多样性也有相应增加。
To ascertain the dietary composition and seasonal changes in the Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys and to determine the feeding strategy adopted in response to seasonal changes in the availability of preferred foods,we studied a group of monkeys in the Guanyinshan nature reserve in the southern Qinling mountains,Foping,China,from March 2013 to February 2014,using the instantaneous scan sampling method. The results revealed that the monkeys fed on 53 plant species,including 34 species of trees,13 shrubs,6 vines,and 4 fungi,and these species accounted for 64. 3%,25. 3%,8. 0%,and 2. 2% of their diet,respectively. During each season（ spring,summer,autumn,and winter）,the monkeys consumed 20,19,21,and 25 plants species,respectively,while the values of the food diversity index（ FDI） were3. 93,3. 73,3. 87,and 4. 12,respectively. Lichen constituted 22. 0% of the monkeys＇ diet,while leaves contributed to 20% of the diet（9% and 11% young and mature leaves,respectively）. The seed,bark,buds,fruits,and petioles contributed to 16%,15%,11%,9%,and 7% of their diet,respectively. The various parts of the plant consumed by the monkeys showed significant seasonal variations. In spring,their diet consisted primarily of bark（ 28%） and buds（25%）. The consumption of mature leaves increased significantly（29%） in summer,while the consumption of buds decreased to 5%. The monkeys primarily consumed seeds and fruits,when in abundance,in autumn; these comprised48% and 16% of their diet,respectively. In winter,consumption of dietary lichen increased to 41%. A positive correlation was observed between the dietary composition and food availability（ R = 0. 984,P〈0. 01）. Similar to other leaf monkey species,the Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys adopted a feeding strategy involving the consumption of bark and lichen in response to winter,when the availability of preferred foods is less,with increase in plant species and a higher diversity in their diet.
出处
《兽类学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期130-137,共8页
Acta Theriologica Sinica
基金
陕西省科学院重大项目(2012K-01)
陕西省科学院青年基金项目(2013K-34)
西部之光人才培养计划(2011DF05)
国家重点自然科学基金项目(31130061)
国家自然科学基金项目(31472014)
陕西省科学院基础研究项目(2014K-12)
日本Cosmo石油环保卡基金项目(2005-2015)
关键词
川金丝猴
食物组成
季节变化
Diet
Rhinopithecus roxellana
Seasonal change
