摘要
【目的】通过对‘藤稔’葡萄花发育相关基因及物候期的研究,揭示葡萄枝蔓上不同节位芽发育早晚与快慢的机理。【方法】以8年生‘藤稔’葡萄(Fujiminori)为试材,选取生长势基本均匀、粗度基本一致(枝条粗度约为1.15cm),节数约为35节的一年生枝条,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对8个花发育相关基因(Vv FT、Vv SOC1、Vv AP1、Vv AP2、Vv AP3、Vv FUL、Vv AG和Vv FLC)在不同节位芽中的时空表达特性进行研究。并对其花芽分化的物候期进行观察统计。【结果】‘藤稔’葡萄花芽超节位分化的特点明显。高节位上的花芽分化由底部向上部逐渐进行,上部花芽分化的时间明显短于底部先分化的芽。第一个芽从4月下旬或5月初开始形成和发育,顶部最后一个芽的形成时间是九月中下旬。从发育时间长短看,先分化的花芽生长发育时间比最后发育的多5个月。虽然不同节位芽的生长发育时间相差很大,但是其翌年都能发育成花器官,且花期时间基本一致。不同节位芽发育相关基因表达水平有所不同。不同节位芽中Vv FT的表达水平都较低且在一年的生长季节内的变化不大;Vv SOC1在各个生长时期不同节位芽中都有很高的表达,并且基本都呈现较一致的变化趋势。下部节位和上部节位芽中Vv AP1、Vv AP2、Vv AP3、Vv FUL表达的变化波动很小,而在中部节位芽中的表达变化则较大,存在一个明显的先上升后降低的过程,且在中部节位芽(8、11、15节位)中的表达量要高于其他节位;Vv AG的表达趋势与Vv AP1、Vv AP2、Vv AP3、Vv FUL的表达趋势不同,其表达量逐步降低,表达高峰主要集中在芽发育的早期。中部节位的芽分化时间长,分化速度慢,基因的表达水平高,下部和上部节位的芽分化时间短,分化速度快,基因表达水平低,但其能维持相对较长时间的表达,最终不同节位的芽发育渐趋一致。【结论】不同节位花芽分化基因相对表达水平以及相对高水平表达持续时间有所不同。同一枝蔓上,花发育相关基因在中部芽中的表达量高于上部芽和下部芽,这可能是导致葡萄不同节位芽发育质量存在差异的因素之一。
[Objective]The objective of the paper is to study the expression pattern of eight genes in different nodes and the phenological period of buds development, and explore the mechanism of the time and speed of buds development on different nodes of grape branches. [Method] In this study, the expression of eight floral genes （VvFT, VvSOC1, VvAP1, VvAP2, VvAP3, VvFUL, VvAG and VvFLC） in the buds at different branch nodes of 8-year-old‘Fujiminori’ grapevine was examined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the phenological period of flower bud differentiation was observed. [Result]The floral differentiation of‘Fujiminori’＆amp;nbsp;grapevine showed a remarkable characteristics of‘beyond section’. The first bud began to form and develop from late April or early May, and the formation time of the last bud at the top was in late September. The development time of the lower nodes was five months longer than the upper nodes, but the flowering time of them was almost at the same in the second season. The buds in the upper position differentiated from the bottom upwards to the top gradually, and the process of bud differentiation at the top was shorter than that at the bottom. The expression of floral genes in buds at different branch nodes was different. The expression level of VvFT was low and showed no significant difference during the growing season. VvSOC1 gene in the buds at different branch nodes expressed highly during all the growing season, and showed a similar expression trend. The expression of VvAP1, VvAP2, VvAP3, and VvFUL genes in the buds at lower and upper nodes showed no remarkable change, however on the middle nodes, the expression of these genes changed greatly, and appeared an obvious upgrade firstly then descending latter tendency, what’s more, in the buds on 8, 11 and 15th nodes, the expression of these genes was higher than that at other nodes. VvAG showed different expression patterns with VvAP1, VvAP2, VvAP3 and VvFUL. The highest expression level appeared in the early period of bud differentiation, and then decreased over time. Buds on middle nodes undergo a low speed differentiation process for a long time, and the expression of floral genes kept a high level during the differentiation period. By contrast, the buds on upper and lower nodes differentiated at a higher speed, and the expression of floral genes was lower. In the end, the development of the buds on different nodes reached the similar level. [Conclusion] The expression levels are different on different nodes, and high expression periods were also different on different nodes. Although the peak period of floral development of lower and upper buds were relatively late, continuous development was observed in these nodes, which led to the floral differentiation simultaneously on the lower, middle and upper nodes. This may be one of the factors that lead to difference of differentiation quality between buds on different nodes.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期2007-2016,共10页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(31372027)
江苏省农业科技自主创新项目CX(14)2097
关键词
葡萄
芽
不同节位
基因表达
grape
bud
different nodes
gene expression
