摘要
目的通过了解北京市顺义区2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为控制其流行提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析北京市顺义区2009—2014年的《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》流行性腮腺炎病例信息。结果 2009—2013年北京市顺义区累计报告流行性腮腺炎971例,年平均发病率22.30/10万,疫情总体呈平稳态势。3—9月份为发病高峰,病例主要集中在15岁以下年龄组,占报告病例总数的80.12%;男女性别比为1.95∶1,2009—2013年间性别差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.125,P>0.05)。流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情全部发生于学校,有无免疫史、免疫期限大于5 a与免疫期限小于5 a、2剂次及以上与1剂次免疫史间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为11.99、6.12和28.04,均P<0.05)。结论中小学生是流行性腮腺炎的多发人群,应加强学校流行性腮腺炎的疾病监测工作,严格执行入托入学查验预防接种证,提高并维持高水平2剂次接种率。建议发生暴发疫情时学校启动晨检,加强流行性腮腺炎的监测工作。
[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Shunyi District of Beijing from 2009-2013, provide the scientific basis for controlling the epidemic situation of the disease. [Methods]The data of mumps cases in Shunyi District of Beijing from 2009-2014, which were reported by the Disease surveillance information reporting management system, were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method.[Results]A Total of 971 mumps cases were reported in Shunyi District of Beijing from 2009-2013, with the average annual incidence rate of 22.30/1akh, and the epidemic situation showed a stable trend. The peak season appeared March to September, and there were irregular small peaks in fall and winter. Most of cases were people under 15 years old, accounting for 80.12% of the total reported cases, and they were mainly pupils, followed by junior high school students. The male-to-female ratio was 1.95：1, and there were no significant differences between sex groups from 2009-2013 （x^2=3.125, P〉0.05）. All of mumps outbreaks occurred in schools. There were significant differences between groups with and without immunization history, groups with the immunity period more than 5 years and less than 5 years, as well as the groups with two doses or more and one dose （x2=11.99, 6.12, 28.04, all P〈0.05 ）.[Conclusion]The lower vaccination rate and/or less doses and/or longer immunity period are the main reasons for the mumps outbreak. Primary and secondary school students are still the prone crowd of mumps, so it is necessary to strengthen the mumps surveillance in schools, strictly implement the entrance inspection of vaccination certificate, and keep the high level of two doses vaccination rates. It is recommended that the schools should carry out the morning check and strengthen mumps surveillance during outbreak.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2015年第7期926-928,共3页
Occupation and Health
