摘要
理性选择理论在政治学领域占有极其重要的地位。它建立在"经济人"假设基础之上,视社会个体为惟一真实的研究对象和分析单位,将政治行为等同于经济学意义上交换活动,这三者一并构成了理性选择理论形式优美、逻辑严谨的方法论体系——方法论个体主义、"经济人"假设和经济学交换范式。然而,理性选择理论的优势与成功却遮掩不了其方法论自身的局限性——方法论个体主义孤立地将个人作为基本分析单位,忽视了社会结构、社会规范与意识形态对个体的影响与形构;"经济人"假设将政治参与者的属性简单地给予预设,不能看清楚"政治人"的全面属性;经济学交换范式将政治活动简单地类比为经济交换活动,忽视了政治活动的复杂性。理性选择理论若要更有效地解释政治现象和研究政治问题,需要正视和克服局限,对方法论个体主义、"经济人"假设和经济学交换范式作出修正与改进。
The rational choice theory is of very importance in political science. It builds on the basis of the ＂economic man＂ hypothesis, regards the social individual as the only true study object and analysis unit, and considers the political act as the strict economic exchange activities, which together constitute a beauty forms and rigorous logic methodology system for the rational choice school--methodological individualism, ＂economic man＂ hypothesis and economics exchange, and lead the rational choice school move towards the real sacred temple of modern science. However, the advantages which belong to the political science＇ methodology of the rational choice school could not cover up the limitations of its methodology：Methodological individualism takes the individual as the basic unit of analysis isolated, and neglects the social structure, social norm and ideology＇s influence on individual and formation; the ＂economic man＂ hypothesis simply presupposes political participants＇attributes,and cannot see ＂the nature of the political person＂; economic exchange paradigm simply draws an analogy between political activity and economic exchange activities, and neglects the complexity of political activity. In order to explain the political issues and research the political phenomenon more effectively , the rational choice theory need to face and overcome the limitation, the methodological individualism, ＂economic man＂ hypothesis and economics exchange paradigm to make corrections and improvements.
出处
《湖北经济学院学报》
2015年第3期106-112,共7页
Journal of Hubei University of Economics
关键词
政治学方法论
理性选择理论
个体主义
“经济人”假设
经济学交换范式
political methodology
the theory of rational choice
methodological individualism
＂economic man＂ hypothesis
economics exchange paradigm
