摘要
目的 调查广东省鉴江流域地区居民饮水中碘含量,掌握该地区水源性高碘区的范围、分布,为制订适合的防控措施提供依据.方法 采用横断面筛查方法,于2012、2013年选择覆盖鉴江流域7个县（市、区）的所有镇（街）,并根据鉴江各支流的走向、地理位置等情况分为重点调查镇（街）和一般调查镇（街）.重点调查镇（街）根据辖区内河流走向、地势状况选取2个自然村,每个村采集1份水样;一般调查镇（街）则按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个行政村,每个行政村抽取2个自然村,每个自然村采集1份水样.调查各自然村的供水类型,包括集中式供水、分散式供水和江河（水库）水.筛查发现碘含量＞ 100 μg/L的水样,则在水样采集的自然村按10％比例进行扩大抽样.水碘检测采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法（ICP-MS）.结果 共调查鉴江流域居民饮用水3 583份,水碘中位数为15.1 μg/L.其中水库水、江河水、山泉水、井水水碘中位数分别为12.1、9.8、2.5、18.6 μg/L.水碘＞100 μg/L的水样有341份,占9.5％;＞150μg/L有228份,占6.4％;＞300μg/L有58份,占1.6％.水碘＞ 100 μg/L的水样全部是分散式井水.可判定为水源性高碘地区（＞150 μg/L）的自然村有18个,分布在5个县（市、区）14个镇（街）的16个行政村,共有户籍人口23 915人.鉴证流域中下游5个县（市、区）的水碘含量（24.7、28.6、20.5、23.2、24.0 μg/L）与上游2个县（市、区）水碘含量（12.0、10.9μg/L）比较差异有统计学意义（Z=13.5,P＜0.05）;沿岸与非沿岸地区水碘中位数（μg/L,12.5比5.9）比较差异有统计学意义（Z=6.1,P＜0.05）.结论 鉴江流域地表水碘含量普遍偏低;地下水（井水）则分散存在高水碘现象,且水碘含量在不同区域有差别,中下游比上游高,沿岸比非沿岸高.水源性高碘自然村在鉴江各主干和支流沿岸地区呈点状分布,基本不连成片.
Objective Through the investigation of the iodine content in residents＂ drinking water in Jianjiang River Basin of Guangdong,the scope and distribution of waterborne high iodine areas in this region were grasped so as to provide a basis for taking appropriate prevention and control measures.Methods All towns （streets） covering seven counties （cities,districts） of Jianjiang River Basin were selected by cross sectional screening method in 2012 and 2013,which were divided into mainly-investigated town （street） and generally-investigated town （street） according to the direction,geographical position and other situations of all branches of Jianjiang River.In each mainly-investigated town （street）,two natural villages were selected according to the river direction and terrain conditions,and one water sample was collected from each village.In each generally-investigated town （street）,one administrative village was selected respectively according to the locations （east,west,south,north and middle）;two natural villages were selected from each administrative village,and one water sample was collected from each natural village.The water supply types of each natural village were investigated,including centralized water supply,decentralized water supply and river （reservoir） water.If the iodine content of the water samples was higher than 100 μg/L in the natural villages,then 10% more water samples were collected.The inductive coupling plasma mass spectroscopy （ICP-MS） was adopted for water iodine detection.Results A total of 3 583 residents＂ drinking water samples from Jianjiang River Basin were investigated,and the median of water iodine was 15.1 μg/L;the median of water iodine in reservoirs,river,mountain spring,well water was 12.1,9.8,2.5 and 18.6 μg/L,respectively.Iodine content of 341 water samples was 〉 100 μg/L,accounting for 9.5%;228 water samples were 〉 150 μg/L,accounting for 6.4%;58 water samples were more than 300 μg/L,accounting for 1.6%.The water samples with iodine content higher than 100 μg/L were all from decentralized well water.There were 18 natural villages which could be determined as the waterborne high iodine areas （water iodine 〉 150 μg/L）;they were distributed in 16 administrative villages in 14 towns （streets） of 5 counties （cities,districts） and had a registered population of 23 915 in total.The difference of water iodine between the 5 counties （cities,districts） in middle and lower reaches of Jianjiang River Basin （24.7,28.6,20.5,23.2,24.0 μg/L） and the 2 counties （cities,districts） in upper reaches （12.0,10.9 μg/L） was statistically significant （Z =13.5,P 〈 0.05）;the difference of water iodine between coastal and non-coastal areas （12.5 vs.5.9 μg/L） was statistically significant （Z =6.1,P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions The iodine content in surface water of Jianjiang River Basin is generally lower;,the high water iodine phenomenon dispersedly occurs in the underground water （well water）,and the iodine content is different in different areas;the iodine content of the middle and lower reaches is higher than that of the upper reach,and the iodine content of the coastal alluvial areas is higher than that of the non-coastal areas.The natural villages with waterborne high iodine are spottily distributed in the coastal areas of all backbones and branches of Jianjiang River,but not connected together basically.
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期365-368,共4页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
基金
广东省医学科研基金（C2012004）
关键词
水
碘
数据收集
Water
Iodine
Data collection
