摘要
本文基于麦可思就业调查数据,从短期就业状况、中期职业提升、长期发展潜力这三个维度分析了中国工程类大学毕业生2014年度的就业现状,对部分关键指标进行解读。纵向来看,工程类大学毕业生2014年度的就业情况与往届相比,平均月收入与就业满意度有所增长,其他指标基本持平。横向来看,与同届非工程类大学毕业生相比,工程类大学毕业生在就业率、专业相关度、离职率上略有优势,但本科的这些优势在缩小,而高职在这三项指标上已与同届非工程类毕业生持平,不存在优势。这些变化趋势表明,伴随着中国劳动力成本的上涨与各国在高新技术产业的竞争,低端产业在调整升级,高端产业也对大学毕业生工作能力提出更高要求。在此背景下,工程类大学毕业生的就业出现了分化:材料类、轻工纺织食品类或纺织服装类的毕业生面临就业挑战,而劳动力市场对测绘类、电气信息类或通信类的毕业生需求强劲。作为回应,高校需要从数据出发,改进工程类专业的人才培养质量,更好地服务于国家战略转型。
Based on MyCOS survey data, authors conduct an employment analysis of China＇s engineering graduates in 2014 in this paper from 3 perspectives of short-term employment situation,medium-term career promotion and long-term development potential, interpreting some key indexes. Vertically compared with engineering graduates in the past few years, most indexes of the engineering graduates in 2014 remain largely the same with a small rise in monthly salary and job satisfaction. Horizontally compared with non-engineering graduates of the same year, engineering graduates have small advanta- ges in employment rate, professional relevance, and demission rate. However, the advantages are shrinking in engineering graduates with bachelor＇s degrees, with the index in demission rate leveling with that of non-engineering graduates. The trends indicate that with the rising domestic labor cost and the heating global competition in high-tech industries, the low-end industries are going through adjustment and update while the high-end industries raise their bar on the capabilities required of col- lege graduates. The employment of engineering graduates is thus divided： majors in Materials, Tex- tiles ~ Food Industries, or Textiles ＆ Clothing Engineering are challenged to find a satisfactory job while those in Surveying and Mapping, Telecommunication or Electrical ＆ Information Engineering are hot in demand on the job market. In response, universities need to adopt a data-driven approach to improve the quality of engineering education so as to better serve national strategy transformation.
出处
《高等工程教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期7-17,共11页
Research in Higher Education of Engineering
