摘要
研究对使用刮粪板清粪和人工清粪的两种牛舍进行温度、含湿量及几种有害气体的现场测试，对舍内的空气卫生条件进行分析，研究旨在通过机械清粪的方式提高牛舍环境条件，为肉牛生长发育提供保障。结果表明：两种清粪模式下舍内的含湿量、NH3、CH4、CO2、PM10日平均浓度均无显著差异，刮粪板清粪对舍内的NH3的瞬时产生量有较大的影响，在清粪过程中NH3浓度能会提高70％-75％，在刮粪后1h内舍内氨气浓度会回落到刮粪前水平的80％-85％，人工清粪影响较小。舍内NH3、CH4和CO2的浓度还受肉牛行为的影响，肉牛的排尿、反刍、活动量都会影响舍内气体的含量。舍内温度、含湿量及NH3、CH4、CO2等气体的含量之间有一定的相关性。得出结论：牛舍内空气卫生条件的好坏对肉牛生长发育有重要影响，冬季牛舍粪便的清除工作一直是牛舍卫生条件的重要因素，合理采用机械清粪方式，对肉牛生活环境的改善有重要意义。
In recent years, scraping manure board machinery technology has been widely used on pig, chicken, dairy farms, but less used on beef cattle farm. The present study was conducted to improve the environmental conditions of the barn and provide guarantee for the growth and development of the beef cattle. We investigated the barn temperature, moisture content and several kinds of harmful gas and analyzed the inner air sanitation in scraping manure board machinery barn and artificial nightsoil barn, respectively. The results showed that inner moisture contents, daily average concentrations of NH3. CH4, CO2 and PM10 were not significant different between two kinds of nightsoil modes. Using the scraping manure board, a large amount of instantaneous NH3 could generate and NH3 concentrations could increase by 70% to 75%. After one hour the concentrations discounted down to 80%-85% levels, and artificial manure removal had smaller impact. The beef cattle behavior had an impact on the concentrations of NH3 , CH4 and CO2. The behavior of urination, rumination and activity could affect the contents of the discounted gas. Some correlation between moisture contents and the contents of NH3 , CH4 and CO2 were found in the present study. Together, the quality of the air and sanitation conditions bad important influences on the growth and development of the beef cattle in the barn, and the scraping manure-work had been an important factor for the sanitation conditions in the winter season. To choose a reasonable way of nightsoil had important impact on the improvement of the living environment of the beef cattle.
出处
《畜牧与兽医》
北大核心
2015年第6期26-31,共6页
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金
农业部2013年度公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303145)
关键词
刮粪板
机械
人工
空气环境
scraping manure board
mechanical
artificial
air environment
