摘要
本文讨论了商会内部基于企业权势而产生的分化。对两个商会的个案研究显示,强权势企业、弱权势企业与无权势个体户的利益诉求及其与地方政府的互动模式不同。强权势企业基于其对地方经济的贡献能够与地方政府直接商榷,倾向于绕过商会;弱权势企业则需借助商会编织社会网络,以获得政策优待与资源,更倾向于卷入商会;无权势个体户则不愿负担与政府维持密切互动的成本,疏离于商会。尽管市场经济的发展提供了更多可供结社的要素,但也加深了私营企业主利益与行为的分化。当前的商会体系并不能处理这种分化,试图将它们都聚集到同一个社会组织中,破坏了组织凝聚力,阻碍了制度化利益传输渠道的形成。与以往焦虑于商会在国家与社会之间具体位置的研究不同,本文将视野下移,讨论了社会基础如何型塑结社的内部特征。作为建构性的个案研究,本文结论不能直接普遍化。
This paper aims to discuss the differentiated attitude and behavior among entrepreneur members within business associations,which is associated with the level of power possessed by individual entrepreneur.This paper is based on a case study involving two business associations,some entrepreneurs,and government officials from one field site in Anhui Province of China. Government documents,news reports,and historical materials are also used. According to the entrepreneur power possessed by individual member,a typology is constructed. Entrepreneurs with strong power,weak power,and no power have formed diversified interest pursuits and essentially different interaction pattern with local government. The entrepreneurs with strong power gain more leverage through their contribution to local economy to negotiate with local government directly,thus they tend to ignore business associations. The entrepreneurs with weak power depend on business associations to forge social networks,gain policy priorities,and get resources,thus they are more likely to involve in associations actively. Petty entrepreneurs without power refuse to afford the cost of maintaining intense interactions with local government and tend to be apathetic. As an exploratory research,the key limitation of this paper is that it is only based on two business associations from one field site,which makes it difficult to generalize the conclusion to other places or other types of business associations. The hypothesis proposed by this paper needs testing. The finding indicates the development of local market economy actually has deepened the fragmentations of interest pursuits and behaviors among emerging private entrepreneurs,while it brings out more entrepreneurs to form associations. However,the current institutional arrangements forcing these differentiated entrepreneurs into one single association do harm to the formation of organizational cohesion and the possibility of successful interest inter-mediation. Previous research in this filed have been disputing about the accurate positions of business associations between state and society,when they have neglected the inner structure and characteristics within associations. This paper applies a downward perspective to reveal the inner structure of business associations and how it is shaped by social bases.
出处
《公共管理学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第1期107-116,157-158,共10页
Journal of Public Management
基金
南京大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2062014280)
关键词
商会
社会基础
内部分化
组织凝聚力
企业权势
Business Association,Social Foundation,Inner Differentiation,Organizational Cohesion,Entrepreneur Power
