摘要
利用2010和2011年在中国科学院通州农田水循环与现代节水灌溉试验基地获取的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作条件下不同水肥管理时的试验数据,对RZWQM（Root zone water quality model）模型中的土壤水分、氮素和作物模块进行率定和验证,模型验证结果表明各土层土壤含水率的均方根误差（RMSE）和相对误差（MRE）分别在0.015-0.026 cm3/cm3和-6.66%-5.83%之间变化,土壤贮水量模拟值与实测值一致;冬小麦和夏玉米产量、吸氮量的模拟值与实测值的相对误差（RE）小于25%。该结果表明率定和验证后的RZWQM模型能够用来模拟华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作条件下土壤水、氮及作物动态变化。利用率定和验证后的模型分析对比了常规施氮条件下,不同喷灌灌水频率和传统灌溉方式对作物产量和氮素渗漏的影响。结果表明在灌溉总水量相同的条件下,当20 cm蒸发皿累积蒸发量为30-70 mm时开始灌溉,其作物产量高且氮素渗漏量和损失量小。综合考虑作物产量和环境效应,推荐较优的喷灌灌溉频率为累积蒸发量为30-70 mm时开始灌溉。
The long-time excessive application of N fertilizer caused detrimental effects on soil and groundwater environment in North China Plain（ NCP）. Therefore, the reasonable water and N managements are essential for the sustainable agricultural production in this region. A two-year field experiment（ 2010—2011） was carried out in the wheat-maize rotation cropping field at Tongzhou Experimental Base for Water-saving Irrigation Research（ TEB）, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tongzhou District,Beijing,China. The collected data in the experiment was used to calibrate and validate the hydrologic,nitrogen and crop growth components of the root zone water quality model（ RZWQM）. And the validated RZWQM was used to evaluate N fertilizer and water management practices in wheat-maize rotation cropping system under sprinkler irrigation system in NCP. The validation results showed that the RMSE（ root mean square errors） and MRE（ mean relative error） for soil water content ranged from 0. 015 cm3/ cm3 to 0. 026 cm3/ cm3 and from- 6. 66% to 5. 83%,respectively. The simulated soil water storage was close to the measured ones. The relative errors（ RE） of measured and predicted crops yields and N uptakes of winter wheat and maize were generally less than25%. The RZWQM was used to simulate the dynamics of soil water and nitrogen in the wheat-maize rotation cropping system under different irrigation interval when N application was the same to local Nmanagement（ 330 kg / hm2）. Results showed that the crop yields were higher,however,NO3-N leaching and mean N losses were less at irrigation interval with accumulated pan evaporation of 30 - 70 mm than those at irrigation interval with pan evaporation of 90 - 110 mm. Therefore,sprinkler irrigation interval with pan evaporation of 30 - 70 mm was recommended in wheat-maize rotation system in NCP.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期111-120,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51179005
51479004)
