摘要
应用情绪版本的外部线索任务,以高中生为研究对象,探讨考试焦虑的产生是由负性刺激的警觉还是脱离困难导致的认知神经机制,以及这种注意偏向(警觉与脱离成分)发生的具体时间进程。行为实验结果发现,相比起低考试焦虑个体,高考试焦虑个体对考试相关威胁刺激存在注意脱离困难。脑电实验结果中,P1成分揭示高考试焦虑者对考试相关和无关威胁线索后靶刺激的注意处理削弱;考试相关威胁线索后靶刺激诱发的P300对于高、低考试焦虑者具有临床鉴别的潜力。
Test anxiety increases susceptibility to distraction is generally recognized. A considerable studies found that clinical anxiety and high - test - anxious adults and children are selectively regulate attention to tend to emotional threat stimuli. But the reason why the attention bias happens is controversy, and there are few experimental studies that have directly explored the cognitive and neural mecha- nisms that may be involved in the attention bias in test anxiety. A behavioral experiment and an ERP experiment were conducted to ex- plore the cognitive and neural mechanisms of the attentional bias which is the basis of the test anxiety, adopting a modified emotion cue- ing paradigm. 43 students participated in behavioral experiment voluntarily. 38 participants completed the task and divided into high - and low - test - anxious groups based on their scores of Test Anxiety Inventory （TAI）. The results of behavior experiment show that high - test - anxious individuals were slower when responding to targets following the invalid test - related threatening words, compared to the invalid non - threatening words. It reveals that impaired attentional disengagement exists in the high - test - anxious individuals. An- other 16 high - test - anxious（ 12 female）and 19 low - test - anxious students（5 female）participated in ERP experiment. ERPs time - blocked to the valid target onset also revealed a PI component that was smaller for threatening than non - threatening words in the high group, reflecting the impairment of attention of the target after the threatening words in this period. The results of P3 components re- vealed that the mean amplitude was smaller after the test irrelevant non - threatening words than test related threatening words in the high - test - anxious individuals, while in the low - test - anxious individuals, the pattern was contrary. This suggests the prospective of applying P300 to the clinical discrimination for test anxiety.
出处
《心理学探新》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期233-238,共6页
Psychological Exploration
基金
上海高校一流学科(心理学)建设项目
江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(CXLX12_0124
CXZZ11_0171)
