摘要
采取全指标评价法和双指标评价法对全国4 493个重要江河湖泊水功能区的水质达标率进行评价。结果表明,两方法的评价结果存在着明显的差异——全国重要水功能区水质达标率分别为61.2%和49.6%,双指标评价结果好于全指标评价结果。根据水功能区纳污能力和现状污染物入河量的关系,对水功能区承载力进行分析。结果表明,全国未超载的水功能区有2 907个(占64.7%),而另外35.3%的超载水功能区以25%左右的纳污能力接纳了60%以上的污染物入河量,表明功能区超载而水质达标的问题普遍存在,原因是纳污能力计算标准偏严格而导致。同时还大量存在功能区不超载但水质不达标的情况,这主要有污染物的质量浓度背景值高、受到上游功能区污染物超标入河量的影响,以及对农业面源污染入河量暂无法全面测量等原因。
Whole index evaluation method and double index evaluation method were applied to evaluate the water quality compliance rates of 4493 national water function zones in China.The results show that there are clear differences between the two evaluation methods, with 61.2% and 49.6% water quality compliance rate respectively.The evaluation result of double index evaluation method is better than that of whole index evaluation method .According to the relationship between the pollution capacity of water function zone and measured amount of pollutants into rivers, the bearing capacity of water function zones were analyzed.The results show that 2907 water function zones are not overloaded with the rate of 64.7%, while the other 35.3% of the national water function zones has taken more than 60% of the total amount of pollutants within 25% of the total amount of pollution capacity, showing that pollution has been overloaded but water quality reach the standards in some water function zones.It can be explained as the calculation standard of pollutant carrying capacity tends to be strict.In the meantime, there is another kind of problem that pollution has not been overloaded but water quality is not up to the standard, which can be explained as the high value of the background pollutants, affected by pollutants exceeding the standard into rivers of upstream function area, and lacking of complete measurement of agricultural non-point source pollution for the time being.
出处
《水资源保护》
CAS
CSCD
2015年第3期1-4,10,共5页
Water Resources Protection
基金
水利部水资源费项目
关键词
水功能区
水质达标率
全指标评价法
双指标评价法
承载力
协同分析
water function zone
water quality compliance rate
whole index evaluation
double index evaluation
bearing capacity
cooperative analysis
