摘要
目的了解某化工企业工人MSDs患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,在某化工企业采用经修改的北欧国家MSDs标准调查表对593名化工工人进行横断面调查,得到有效问卷538份。结果该化工企业工人腰部MSDs患病最为严重,年患病率达67.60%,其次为肩(62.41%)和颈(61.87%)部,多部位发生MSDs构成比为76.64%。不同年龄、学历、婚姻、休息状况、工作环境、工作满意、工作疲劳程度、工种、工龄(除踝外)、以及人员是否短缺(除颈、髋臀外)、是否有加班(除颈、腰外)组间,各部位MSDs年患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);患病部位数女性大于男性,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.066,P﹤0.01),女性颈、肩、腰、髋臀、膝部患病率高于男性。对MSDs患病率最高的腰部进行危险因素回归分析表明,工作时弯腰转身同时存在、长时间统一姿势工作、短时间做大力气动作、用手或胳膊做出很大的力气、推拉>5kg重物、工作时大幅度弯腰、手保持在肩及以下、用手捏住物体均可增加腰部MSDs患病率(P﹤0.01),前4项以及性别、工作疲劳和工作不满意OR值均>2,可认为是化工工人腰部MSDs危险因素。对工作不满意者多部位MSDs患病风险是满意者10.86倍,50岁以上是30岁以下10.64倍,女性是男性6.81倍,长时间统一姿势工作对多部位MSDs患病影响也较明显,OR值达5.98。结论化工工人MSDs患病率较高,并以腰、肩、颈部为主,年龄、学历、婚姻、性别等个体因素,工作不满意、疲劳等心理因素,工龄、工种、工作环境等职业因素以及休息状况、人员短缺、加班等工作组织因素是导致化工工人各部位MSDs患病的危险因素。性别、工作时弯腰转身同时存在、长时间同一姿势工作、短时间做大力气动作等是影响腰部MSDs患病的危险因素。工作不满意、年龄、性别以及长时间统一姿势是导致多部位患病的危险因素。
Objective To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders （MSDs） in chemical factory workers and explore the risk factors of MSDs. Methods 593 chemical factory workers were selected by cluster sampling method, and cross-sectional study using the revised Nordic Museuloskeletal Questionnaire was applied, 538 valid questionnaires were recruited. Results MSDs occurred primarily in the lower back with an annual prevalence of 67. 60% , followed by the shoulder and neck,with 62.41% and 61.87% , respectively. The proportion of MSDs involving multiple areas was 76. 64%. There were statistically significant differences in prevalence rate of MSDs among workers from different age groups, education level, marital status, rest condition, work environment, job satisfaction, the level of fatigue, type of work, length of service （ except for the ankle） , and personnel shortage （ except for the neck and hip）, overtime work （ except for the neck and waist groups） （P 〈0. 01 or P 〈0. 05）. Female workers had more MSDs than males （t = -4. 066, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The MSDs prevalence in neck, shoulder, lower back, hip and knee were higher in female workers~ Multivariate logistic regression models showed that the risk factors for MSDs in the lower back were due to bending and turning, long duration of fixed posture, short-term heavy lifting, heavy labor by hand or arm, pulling and pushing things more than 5 kg weight, bending over repetitively while keeping hands below the shoulder and grasping by hands （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The first four factors along with gender, job dissatisfaction and the level of fatigue were the main risk factors with OR 〉 2. 0. The prevalence of multiple MSDs for those who were dissatisfied with work was 10. 86 times higher than those who were satisfied, the rates of workers over 50 years old were 10. 64 times higher than those under 30 years old. The rates of female workers were 6. 81 times higher than male workers. Those keeping the same posture for long duration also influenced the prevalence of multiple area MSDs, OR = 5.98. Conclusions The prevalence rate of MSDs among chemical factory workers was high, and mainly affected the lower back, shoulder and neck. Age, education level, marital status, gender, job satisfaction, the level of fatigue, length of service, type of work, work environment, rest condition,personnel shortage and overtime-work were MSD risk factors. Gender, lower back bending and turning, long periods of maintaining the same posture, short-duration heavily labor, heavy labor by hand or arm, job dissatisfaction and the level of fatigue were the risk factors for MSDs of lower back. Age, gender, and long-duration of fixed posture were risk factors for MSDs involving multiple areas.
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2015年第3期39-42,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
关键词
化工工人
MSDS
患病率
危险因素
Chemical factory
Musculoskeletal Disorders （MSDs）
Prevalence rate
Risk factor
