摘要
目的分析医务人员发生艾滋病病毒(HIV)职业暴露的危险因素,并提出预防对策。方法采用回顾性分析,对核工业四一六医院2007年1月至2014年7月工作人员发生HIV职业暴露资料进行调查与分析。结果在28例HIV职业暴露人员中,护士岗位占75%,工龄小于5年的医务人员占78.57%。23例医务人员发生二级职业暴露,注射、输液时发生暴露人次占50%,因操作不当所致职业暴露例次占60.72%。发生暴露时有13人未配戴手套,无人配戴双层手套,职业暴露后28例工作人员均进行了伤口局部处理,有25例予以预防性服药,6个月随访后无HIV感染病例。结论该院护理人员是HIV职业暴露的主要群体,以锐器伤为主。注射和输液等环节操作不当是发生暴露的主要原因,规范操作行为和严格管理应作为重点防护对策。HIV职业暴露后的及时、有效处置能够预防感染的发生。
Objective To analyze the reasons of occupational exposure to HIV, and to provide strategies for better prevention. Methods Total of 28 cases of HIV occupational exposure which hospitalized from January 2007 to July 2014 were enrolled, and the data were analyzed, retrospectively. Results Among the 28 cases, nurses accouted for 75%, and the medical stuff with less-than-five-years working experience accounted for 78.57%. There were 23 medical workers suffered from the second-grade exposure to HIV, 50% of whom happened while injecting, and 60.72% were due to improper operation. Confronting occupational exposure, there were 13 workers didn＇t wear gloves, nobody with double-layer gloves. There were 28 workers were given partial treatment, 25 of whom took preventive medicine, and none of them were found infected after 6 months. Conclusions The nuring stuff were major group suffering from occupational exposures, and most of them were injured from sharp utensil. The exposure is maingly attributed to improper practice in injections and transfusion. Standarized operation and effective management are the key measures to prevent the infection caused by occupational exposure. The timely and effective treatment needs to be handled to reduce the risk of getting infected.
出处
《中华实验和临床感染病杂志（电子版）》
CAS
2015年第3期43-46,共4页
Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition)
基金
"十二五"国家科技重大专项(No.2012ZX 10005001-011)
关键词
艾滋病病毒
职业暴露
锐器伤
防护对策
Human immunodeficiency virus
Occupational exposure
Injure from sharp utensil
Protective measure
