摘要
室内织物因其容易点燃、燃烧速度快、蔓延迅速等燃烧特性,对室内火灾的发生、发展蔓延及火灾危害都有重要影响。在低强度热源加热条件下,研究了几种常见室内织物如牛仔裤、化纤运动裤、棉布床单、混合织物等温度变化、火灾烟气危害性及喷水对热解烟气的影响。结果表明,棉类织物在低强度火源引燃后烟气毒害成分主要为CO、NOx、SO2,3种毒性气体在7~10 min超过人体允许极限值,喷水降低了烟气毒性成分的生成速度与生成量,如牛仔裤热解烟气中CO、SO2的超标时间分别增加了约4 min、7 min,NOx则未超标;化纤类织物热解气体超标主要毒性成分为CO、SO2,喷水有利于化纤等聚合物熔融物的流动,在一定程度上反而加快了热量传递,热分解速度加快,有毒有害气体的生成量和产生速度增加。如加水后化纤运动裤热解烟气中,CO超标时间提前了10 min,SO2、NOx烟气也在20 min左右出现了超标情况。
The paper intends to make an investigation of the smoke hazards caused by a very common factor like some very common domestic fabrics under the condition of the low-intensity thermos sources,such as jeans,synthetic sporting pants,cotton bed sheets and the mixed fabrics. We have done the research simply because such fabrics are potential to lead to a major impact on the ignition and spread of indoor fires for they can be easily ignited,burn fast and promote the rapid spread of the fire. The results of our investigation have shown that for cotton fabric under low intensity thermos flux,the main toxic factors in the smoke are CO,NOxand SO2. If the contact time with the fire is beyond 7 to10 minutes,they would spread quickly with the water spray in a quantity of toxic components in the pyrolysis smoke. For example,in the pyrolysis smoke from the jeans,the human contact time limits with the gas and smoke made of CO and SO2 may last about 4 to 7 minutes,though the maximum tolerate limit for NOx should never be over the test limit of 4 to 7 minutes. In addition,for the pyrolysis smoke from the chemical-synthetic fabrics with the main toxic components of CO and SO2,water spray should be conducive to the polymer＇s melting and disappearance. And,to some extent,it would be likely for the heat transfer and thermal decomposition rate to speed up with the increase of the generation of the harmful gases. Another case is a test we have done with the smoke of chemical fiber sweatpants with water added,which indicates that 10 minutes of the contact limit of human beings with CO,and 20 minutes is with SO2 and NOx. Thus,it can be seen that the testing results we have gained are absolutely objective,which can be taken as a piece of valuable reference to provide information to the fire engineers for the assessment of the impact of the water spray on the pyrolysis smoke hazards from the domestic fabrics.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期107-110,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(50906023)
关键词
安全工程
室内织物
温度曲线
烟气危害性
safety engineering
domestic fabric
temperature curve
smoke hazard
