摘要
利用福建省20个气象站1963—2012年降水资料,分析短历时(1 h、3 h、6 h)及24 h降水强度达暴雨和大暴雨频次的时空分布特征以及暴雨极值的空间分布。结果表明:对于暴雨级别,不同历时暴雨频次的空间分布特点基本相同,表现为全省3个暴雨的高发区,分别位于南部的漳州至龙岩西南部、东北部的宁德沿海以及西北部的南平西部;对于大暴雨,6 h、24 h历时的大暴雨高频区位于沿海,内陆较少。年代际变化趋势为,1 h、3 h、6 h短历时暴雨频次大多数台站以自然变动为主,或略为增加的趋势,24 h长历时暴雨频次增加的趋势强于短历时。大暴雨各历时大多数台站有略增加趋势,1 h、3 h历时的增加趋势强于6 h。内陆暴雨的月际分布呈单峰型,6月为峰值,6 h以上历时暴雨频率为全年最大;沿海暴雨月际分布呈双峰型,峰值在6月和8月,雨季1 h、3 h历时暴雨频率占全年的比例最大,夏季6 h、24 h历时暴雨频率最大。
By using rainfall dataset from 20 observation stations in Fujian during 1963-2012, the temporal and spatial distribution charac-teristics of frequency of storms with precipitation intensity reaching rainstorm and severe rainstorm within short-time (1 h,3 h,6 h) and 24 h , as well as the spatial distribution of extreme value of rainstorms, were analyzed. The results show that for rainstorms, the spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall frequency is basically the same for different time scales, with three high-incidence regions, respectively located in the south of Zhangzhou to south-west of Longyan, northeast of Ningde coast and north-west of Nanping. For severe rainstorms, over 6 h time, the high-incidence regions are in the coastal, and inland occurs less frequently. Analysis of decadal trend shows that 1 h to 6 h time rain-storms mainly have natural changes, or increased slightly. The increasing trend for 24 h long time rainstorms is more evident than that of short duration storms. For severe rainstorms, in most stations the increasing trend of 1 h to 3 h time is more significant than 6 h. The monthly distri-bution characteristics of rainstorms inland appears unimodal, with the peak in June. The frequency of rainstorm over 6 h time is the largest for a year. While in the coastal it shows bimodal distribution;the peaks are in June and August. The frequency of rainstorm is the largest for 1 h and 3 h time in rainy season, and for 6 h and 24 h time in summer.
出处
《暴雨灾害》
2015年第2期153-159,共7页
Torrential Rain and Disasters
基金
福建省科技计划重点项目(2012Y0007)
关键词
短历时
暴雨
时空分布
福建省
short-time
rainstorm
Temporal and spatial distribution
Fujian
