摘要
为揭示多级拦水堰坝对于低等级小河流营养盐滞留能力的影响,以巢湖流域某一典型的农田源头溪流为对象,在野外示踪实验和计算机模拟的基础上,针对构建的多级简易水坝,采用暂态存储和营养螺旋指标,仿真模拟多级拦水堰坝对于氮磷营养盐滞留能力的调控效果。结果表明：多级拦水堰坝Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数明显超过无堰坝情形,但其弗劳德数Fr和雷诺数Re则较无堰坝情景低些;多级拦水堰坝相应的交换长度Ls值较无堰坝情景低1∽2个数量级,水力持留因子Rh则较无堰坝情景明显增大,表明多级拦水堰坝使溪流的暂态存储能力得到很大提升;在多级拦水堰坝情景下,NH4＋和PO43-的吸收长度Sw均有大幅度的下降,其中NH4＋削减幅度达70.27%∽89.47%,PO43-为75.59%∽81.92%;不仅如此,在多级堰坝情景下,NH4＋和PO43-的物质传输系数Vf、吸收速率U均显著增大,表明多级拦水堰坝可以有效提高农田溪流氮磷营养盐的滞留潜力。
To investigate the effects of multilevel low-grade weirs on nutrient retention of low-order streams, an agricultural headwater stream on the Nanfeihe River in Chaohu Lake basin was selected to de- scribe the regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus retention efficiency in response to multilevel mimic weirs by using transient storage and nutrient spiraling metrics, based on three groups of tracer addition experi- ments and mathematical simulations. Study results show that the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficients in multilevel low-grade weirs situations are markedly higher than that of no weir, while the Froude numbers, Fr, and the Reynolds numbers, Re, are just opposite to it. The values of exchange length L, correspond- ing to multilevel low-grade weirs scenarios, are lower to two orders of magnitude than that of no weir, but its hydraulic retention factors are significantly higher than the later, suggesting that multilevel weirs could markedly improve the transient storage efficiency of agricultural headwater streams. Under the situations of multilevel low-grade weirs, the values of uptake length Sw corresponding to NH4＋ and P043 all greatly decrease, and its reductions are 70.27 %- 89.47 % and 75.59 %- 81.92 %, respectively. Moreover, the values of mass transfer coefficient, Vf, and uptake rate, U, corresponding to NH4＋ and PO43 all increase significantly in the scenarios of multilevel weirs, indicating that multilevel low-grade weirs could effectively improve the retention efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural headwater streams.
出处
《水利学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期668-677,共10页
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51179042)
关键词
多级拦水堰坝
氮磷滞留
调控
源头溪流
营养螺旋指标
暂态存储
multilevel low-grade weirs
nitrogen and phosphorus retention
regulation
headwater stream
nutrient spiraling metrics
transient storage
