摘要
我国食品可追溯体系多基于条码进行追溯单元识别,建立和运营的成本较低,然而经过多年的推广,仍呈现普及率低、包含信息少和应用范围小等特点。本文结合影响成本和收益的可追溯广度、深度和精度三个指标,以可追溯猪肉为研究对象,选取国内具有代表性的规模以上屠宰加工企业为案例,根据对企业生产、供应、销售和品管的中层管理者和关键岗位员工进行半结构式访谈和直接观察获取的资料,分析屠宰加工企业实施可追溯的成本与收益,比较屠宰加工与终端销售两个环节实施可追溯相应的利益分配,揭示可追溯体系推广不力的深层次原因。结果表明,企业实施可追溯与内部信息化管理密不可分,存在实施可追溯的内在需求与动力,但由于不良事件的概率很低,很多可追溯的收益由于其无形的特性,外部示范效应小,对企业实施可追溯决策的影响弱。可追溯猪肉在销售终端被赋予高端产品的形象,价格跃升和以有机食品作为类比参照物的营销方式形成了价高量低的终端市场特征,影响企业投资可追溯意愿的决策,进而阻碍可追溯的推广,同时,屠宰企业实施可追溯具有整体性和同一性,产品的同一性导致生产企业在市场竞争中未能实现差异化定价,存在利润分配不均和产业链失衡发展。根据成本测算分析,为促进可追溯体系推广,政府应建立统一的全产业链可追溯信息平台,减少生产、销售等环节实施可追溯的软件费用。
Food traceable system in China is principally based on the bar code traceable unit recognitions, whose cost is low in establishment and operation. However, the system shows low coverage, less information containment and small field of application after many years promoting. The study of the further reasons on negative promotion of traceable system is based on three indices affecting costs and benefits of traceability, which are breadth, depth, and precision, selecting the traceable pork as research object, using data collected on a sample of the representative slaughter and processing enterprises above the scale in China. According to the information obtained by direct observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews between managers and staff in the key position of department of production, supply, marketing and quality control, this paper analyzes the cost and benefit of slaughter and processing enterprises applying traceability system, and compares the appropriate distribution of benefits between processing and terminal sales step. The result shows implementing traceability is inseparable with enterprise informatization. There is an inner demand and motion on applying traceability. Due to the low probability of adverse events and small external demonstration effect of intangible traceability＇ s benefits, however, the impact of investing decision of the enterprise is weak. The traceable pork is given in the image of high-end product in sales terminals, the characteristics of the terminal market is formed with high price and low quantity, furthermore, influence the investment decision of enterprise, prices jumped and organic food as a way of marketing analogy reference hindered traceable promotion, while the slaughter and processing enterprises implementing traceable system have integrity and identity. The identity of products causes the non-differential pricing in the market competition, leading to uneven profit appropriation and imbalanced chain development. Based on cost estimates, in order to promote traceability system, government should establish a unified industry chain traceability information platform, and reduce software costs of the traceability implementation.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期120-127,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"食品安全风险社会共治研究"(编号:14ZDA069)
江苏省博士后科研资助项目"基于社会共治的食品安全风险市场治理体系研究"(编号:1402074C)
江苏省高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队建设项目"中国食品安全风险防范研究"(编号:2013-011)
江南大学2015年度江南大学自主科研计划"新农村建设中的生态环境问题及其对食用农产品安全的影响"(编号:JUSRP1502XNC)
关键词
可追溯
猪肉
屠宰加工企业
成本
traceability
pork
slaughter and processing enterprises
cost
