摘要
从日常生活到高科技领域,稀土都有着广泛的应用,因此其被很多国家视为战略性资源。近年来,由于对中国稀土的高度依赖,美国等国家对中国的稀土政策产生了不满,并诉至世界贸易组织(WTO)。在简要介绍全球稀土概况(特征与储量)的基础上,分析了美国稀土产业的现状:稀土资源丰富,但国内开采一度停滞;依赖进口,且进口集中度高;国内供应链不完整;科研水平全球领先。对于美国产业未来的政策选择,则可能包括:研发新技术;授权并资助美国地质调查局(USGS)进行全球稀土资源评估;支持并鼓励稀土矿的勘探以及建立储备。由此,美国稀土自给能力将可快速得到增强,而未来,全球稀土储量及未发现资源将足以满足其各种需求。
Rare earth elements（REE）have a wide range of applications from daily life to high-tech fields,so it is regarded as a strategic resource in many countries.In recent years,the United States and other countries generated dissatisfaction on China’s rare-earth policy because of their high dependence on chinese rare earth,and then China was sued to World Trade Organization （WTO）.In this paper,characters and reserves of global rare earths are introduced at first,then rare earths industry status of America are studied：its production has been ceased for a long time though reserve is abundant,rare earth elements supply is dependent on import and import is highly concentrated on one country,meanwhile,domestic supply chain is also incomplete,but its scientific research is leading the world. Its future possible policy options include：research and develop new technologies,authorize and fund USGS to assess REE resources,support and encourage exploration for REE,establish stockpile.Thus,the US rare earths self-sufficiency will get enhanced quickly,the World’s rare earth reserves and undiscovered resources will be sufficient to meet a variety of needs in the future.
出处
《黄金科学技术》
CSCD
2015年第3期19-23,共5页
Gold Science and Technology
基金
中国地质调查局地质矿产调查评价专项项目"地质科学与资源科学进展监测与分析课题"(编号:12120113018800)
中国科学院国家科学图书馆2013年前瞻研究项目"世界重要矿产资源开发利用格局研究"
中国科学院"十二五"委托任务"资源环境科技发展态势监测分析与战略研究"联合资助
关键词
稀土
产业现状
战略资源
政策选择
rare earths
industry status
strategic resources
policy options
