摘要
为了更好地理解和掌握我国现役优秀男子跳远运动员的关键运动技术特征,采用文献资料研究、二维录像解析、对比分析和数理统计等研究方法,获取"2014年清华精英赛"前6名我国现役男子优秀跳远运动员的助跑最后2步的步长、步速、踏板精度、质心速度、踏板和起跳瞬间速度和起跳角度等关键运动技术参数,结合部分世界级优秀男子跳远运动员的关键技术参数的比较研究,获得我国现役优秀男子跳远运动员的整体关键技术特征。研究表明,1)我国男子跳远运动员助跑最后2步速度接近世界高水平运动员,平均为10.53±0.15m/s,且加速积极,速度下降率较低,平均为0.62%±0.23%;2)除李金哲以外,其余运动员最后2步步长变化符合"大-小"的国际主流技术;3)步长变化率较小,平均为7.74%±7.74%,其值随成绩的提升有增大趋势(r=0.642,P>0.05);4)踏板精度较低,平均为0.13±0.05m,还有一定提升空间;5)助跑水平速度的损失和离板瞬间垂直速度的获得主要发生在踏板至最大缓冲阶段,并且二者在此阶段的增减率上存在显著性正相关关系(r=0.880,P<0.05);6)我国运动员由于踏板至最大缓冲阶段水平速度损失率和垂直速度增长率较低,平均为6.91%±2.32%和63.04%±9.96%,低于世界高水平运动员的15.64%±3.33%和70.21%±13.03%,从而对与成绩呈正相关关系的水平速度损失率和垂直速度转化率产生影响,进而对腾起垂直速度和腾起角度的获得带来难度,从整体上制约了成绩的提升。
The purpose of the study was to understand and master the key sports technique characteristics of Chinese elite men＇s long jumpers, improving and enhance their sport tech nique level more pertinently, in order to develop and improve the overall sport technique ability of Chinese men＇s long jump event, and to provide some help and support in theory and practice in future. This paper used the literature method and the 2-D video photogrammetric technique method and the comparison method and the mathematical statistics method, Utilized 2-D video to acquire the parameters of ＂2014-Tsinghua Jump Elitist Tournament＂ 6 athletes＂ （more than 7.80m performances） step length and step speed of last two step in approach as well as touch- down board accuracy and mass velocity at different instants of take-off along with the angle of take-off,and then analyze technical characteristics combining with some of the world＇s high- level athletes technical parameters. The conclusions were as follow.. 1） Our players＂ speed of last two step close to the world of high level athletes,with an average of 10.53 ± 0.15m / s,and accelerate actively,a lower rate of decline rate,an average of 0.62 ± 0. 23%;2） Besides Jinzhe Li, the change of other players＂ last two step length conform to big-small Running rhythm international mainstream technology; 3） The step length variation is smaller, with an average of 7.74± 7. 74%, the value has a tendency to improve with the performance upgraded （r=0. 642,P〉0.05） ;4） The touch-down board accuracy is low,with an average of 0.13± 0.05 m, still have a certain room for improvement ; 5 ） The loss of horizontal velocity in ap- proach and the gain of vertical velocity at the instant of take-off mainly occur from touch-down board to maximum compression stage, and both of the coefficient of increase and decrease had significant positive correlation with each other （ r = 0. 880, P 〈 0. 05） ; 6 ） The coefficient of loss in horizontal velocity and gain in vertical velocity from touch-down board to take-off are lower,with an average of 6.91±2.32% and 63.04 ±9.96% ,below the high level athletes in the world, whose average level is 15.64 ±3.33 % and 70.21±13.03% , thereby exert an influence on the loss rate of horizontal velocity and the vertical speed conversion rate which have a positively correlated with perforrnance, and then increase difficulty for obtaining the jump vertical velocity and take-off angle, restricting the promotion of perforrnance overall.
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第4期28-35,共8页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助(基本15-20)
关键词
跳远最后2步
踏板精度
质心速度
腾起初速度
腾起角度
the last two step
touch-down board accuracy
mass velocity
velocity at the instantof take off
take-off angle
